Money talks: performance-based reimbursement systems impact on perceived work, health and patient care for physicians in Sweden.

Introduction: The study aimed to investigate in which way performance-based reimbursement (PBR) systems in Swedish healthcare services (1) subjectively impacted physicians' work and patient care and (2) were associated with the occurrence of stress-induced exhaustion disorders among physicians.

Method: The study applied a mixed-method design. Data were collected from a representative sample of Swedish physicians.

The Swedish HealthPhys Study: Study Description and Prevalence of Clinical Burnout and Major Depression among Physicians.

Objectives: The study purpose was to describe the Swedish HealthPhys cohort. Using data from the HealthPhys study, we aimed to describe the prevalence of clinical burnout and major depression in a representative sample of Swedish physicians across gender, age, worksite, hierarchical position, and speciality in spring of 2021, during the third wave of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Method: The HealthPhys questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of practising physicians (n = 6699) in Sweden in February to May of 2021 with a 41.

Supervisor ratings of productivity loss associated with presenteeism and sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders and common mental disorders in Sweden.

Background: Health problems due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and common mental disorders (CMD) result in costs due to lost productivity.

Objective: This study aimed to increase knowledge of employers' productivity loss due to employees' presenteeism and sickness absence.

Methods: A web questionnaire was sent to employers of workers who were sick-listed for more than 30 days due to MSD or CMD, response rate: 50%, n = 198.

The Uneven Foci of Work Disability Research Across Cause-based and Comprehensive Social Security Systems.

This scoping review identified what kinds of work disability policy issues are critiqued in articles published in countries with cause-based versus comprehensive welfare systems. Drawing on a review of work disability policy research, we identified 74 English-language, peer-reviewed articles that focused on program adequacy and design. Articles on cause-based systems dwelled on system fairness and policies of proof of entitlement, while those on comprehensive systems focused more on system design complexities relating to worker inclusion and scope of medical certificates.

Managers' social support: Facilitators and hindrances for seeking support at work.

Background: Previous research has shown that social support is important for health and performance at work, but there is a lack of research regarding managers' social support at work, and if it needs to be improvedOBJECTIVE:To investigate managers' perception of work-related social support, and facilitators and hindrances that influence their seeking of social support at work.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with sixty-two managers in two Swedish organizations.

Results: Work-related support, which strengthened their managerial image of being competent, was sought from sources within the workplace.

The psychosocial work environment is associated with risk of stroke at working age.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the relation between the risk of first-ever stroke at working age and psychological work environmental factors. Methods A consecutive multicenter matched 1:2 case-control study of acute stroke cases (N=198, age 30-65 years) who had been working full-time at the time of their stroke and 396 sex- and age-matched controls. Stroke cases and controls answered questionnaires on their psychosocial situation during the previous 12 months.

New Business Structures Creating Organizational Opportunities and Challenges for Work Disability Prevention.

Purpose Flexible work arrangements are growing in order to develop resource-efficient production and because of advanced technologies, new societal values, changing demographics, and globalization. The article aims to illustrate the emerging challenges and opportunities for work disability prevention efforts among workers in alternate work arrangements. Methods The authors participated in a year-long collaboration that ultimately led to an invited 3-day conference, "Improving Research of Employer Practices to Prevent Disability," held October 14-16, 2015, in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA.

Sustaining Work Participation Across the Life Course.

Introduction Many disability prevention strategies are focused on acute injuries and brief illness episodes, but there will be growing challenges for employers to manage circumstances of recurrent, chronic, or fluctuating symptoms in an aging workforce. The goal of this article is to summarize existing peer-review research in this area, compare this with employer discourse in the grey literature, and recommend future research priorities. Methods The authors participated in a year-long sponsored collaboration that ultimately led to an invited 3-day conference, "Improving Research of Employer Practices to Prevent Disability", held October 14-16, 2015, in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA.

Sickness absence in workplaces: Does it reflect a healthy hire effect?

Objectives: Sickness absence in workplaces may reflect working conditions. It may also reflect a "healthy hire effect," i.e.

Early and Late Return to Work After Sick Leave: Predictors in a Cohort of Sick-Listed Individuals with Common Mental Disorders.

Objectives: The study aims to identify individual and workplace factors associated with early return to work (RTW)-defined as within 3 months-and factors associated with later RTW-between 3 and 12 months after being sick-listed-in a cohort of newly sick-listed individuals with common mental disorders.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, a cross-sectional analysis was performed on baseline measures of patients granted sick leave due to common mental disorders. A total of 533 newly sick-listed individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate.

Lean production tools and decision latitude enable conditions for innovative learning in organizations: a multilevel analysis.

The effect of lean production on conditions for learning is debated. This study aimed to investigate how tools inspired by lean production (standardization, resource reduction, visual monitoring, housekeeping, value flow analysis) were associated with an innovative learning climate and with collective dispersion of ideas in organizations, and whether decision latitude contributed to these associations. A questionnaire was sent out to employees in public, private, production and service organizations (n = 4442).

Return to work or job transition? Employer dilemmas in taking social responsibility for return to work in local workplace practice.

Purpose: The aim was to analyze the role and activities of employers with regard to return to work (RTW), in local workplace practice.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sick-listed workers and their supervisors in 18 workplaces (n = 36). The analytical approach to study the role of employers in RTW was based on the three-domain model of social corporate responsibility.

Costs of production loss and primary health care interventions for return-to-work of sick-listed workers in Sweden.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate, from the perspective of society, the costs of sick leave and rehabilitation of recently sick-listed workers with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) or mental disorders (MD).

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 812 sick-listed workers with MSD (518) or MD (294) were included. Data on consumption of health care and production loss were collected over six months from an administrative casebook system of the health care provider.

Early-return-to-work in the context of an intensification of working life and changing employment relationships.

Purpose: Many Western welfare states have introduced early-return-to-work policies, in which getting sick-listed people back to work before they have fully recovered is presented as a rather unproblematic approach. This reflects a belief in the ability of employers and the labour market to solve sickness absence. Against this background, the aim of this study was to analyse return-to-work practice in local workplace contexts, in relation to Swedish early-return-to-work policy.

Sick leave and the impact of job-to-job mobility on the likelihood of remaining on the labour market--a longitudinal Swedish register study.

Background: Change of job could be a strategy in vocational rehabilitation when return to the original job is not possible, but research is very limited concerning the effects of job mobility on the future vocational situation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether job-to-job mobility affects the likelihood of remaining on the labour market over time among persons who are employed and have experienced long-term sick leave.

Methods: In a longitudinal register study, cohorts from three base years (1994, 1999 and 2004) were created, based on the Swedish population who were 20-60 years old, had sickness allowance insurance, and were employed in the base year and the following year (n>3,000,000).

Investigating work conditions and burnout at three hierarchical levels.

Objective: To investigate the differences and the association between work conditions and symptoms of burnout at the three hierarchical levels: subordinates, first-line managers, and middle managers.

Methods: Analyses were based on questionnaire data from 4096 employees in nine organizations, containing three hierarchical levels: subordinates (n = 3659), first-line managers (n = 345), and middle managers (n = 92).

Results: Work conditions were found to differ between the three hierarchical levels, mostly between subordinates and managers.

Neonatal intensive care and child psychiatry inpatient care: do different working conditions influence stress levels?

Introduction. Nurses often experience work-related stress. High stress can negatively affect job satisfaction and lead to emotional exhaustion with risk of burnout.

Promoting occupational health interventions in early return to work by implementing financial subsidies: a Swedish case study.

Background: In 2010, the Swedish government introduced a system of subsidies for occupational health (OH) service interventions, as a part in a general policy promoting early return to work. The aim of this study was to analyse the implementation of these subsidies, regarding how they were used and perceived.

Methods: The study was carried out using a mixed-methods approach, and comprises material from six sub-studies: a register study of the use of the subsidies, one survey to OH service providers, one survey to employers, one document analysis of the documentation from interventions, interviews with stakeholders, and case interviews with actors involved in coordinated interventions.

Employability and work ability: returning to the labour market after long-term absence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse how people who return to the labour market after long-term sickness absenteeism and subsequent job loss differ in employability, work ability, health, educational level, age, and gender, compared to those who do not.

Participants: The cohort consisted of 191 individuals, 20 men and 171 women, whose employment was terminated because they had not been able to return to their regular work after taking a long-term sick leave and rehabilitation measures.

Methods: This study is based on a postal questionnaire sent out to a cohort of previous employees in a Swedish municipality in 2008.

The importance of work conditions and health for voluntary job mobility: a two-year follow-up.

Background: Changing jobs is part of modern working life. Within occupational health, job mobility has mainly been studied in terms of employees' intentions to leave their jobs. In contrast to actual turnover, turnover intentions are not definite and only reflect the probability that an individual will change job.

Evaluation of self-reported work ability and usefulness of interventions among sick-listed patients.

Aim: To describe the types of intervention offered, to investigate the relationship between the type of intervention given, patient-reported usefulness of interventions and the effect on self-reported work ability in a cohort of sick-listed patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) or mental disorders (MD).

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed including 810 newly sick-listed patients (MSD 62 % and MD 38 %). The baseline questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and measures of work ability.

Policy and practice of work ability: a negotiation of responsibility in organizing return to work.

Purpose: In welfare policy and practical work it is unclear what the concept of work ability involves and assessments may be different among involved actors, partly due to a lack of theoretical research in relation to regulations and practice. Based on theoretical and legal aspects of work ability the aim of the study is to analyze stakeholders' perspectives on work ability in local practice by studying multi-stakeholder meetings.

Methods: The material comprises nine digitally recorded multi-stakeholder meetings.

Exploring the relationship between managers' leadership and their health.

Objective: To explore the relationship between managers' leadership and their health, by investigating what psychosocial conditions in the workplace managers experience as being important to their health, and how their health influences their leadership.

Participants And Methods: Semi-structured interviews with forty-two managers at different managerial levels in a large Swedish industrial production company.

Results: Most managers felt their health was good, but many perceived their work as stressful.

Association between clinical and work-related interventions and return-to-work for patients with musculoskeletal or mental disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore what characterizes patients receiving clinical interventions vs combined clinical and work-related interventions in a cohort of sick-listed subjects with musculoskeletal or mental disorders. Factors associated with return-to-work were also analysed.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Evaluation of job stress models for predicting health at work.

Objectives: Few workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions are designed to improve work conditions. Methods for measurement of work conditions are often developed from a risk factor perspective rather than a WHP perspective. More knowledge is needed on the work conditions that promote health in order to develop a good work environment.