Assessing the attitude of surgical trainees towards virtual reality simulation: A national cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Background: We performed a cross sectional study to determine the attitudes of surgical trainees and medical students towards virtual reality (VR) simulation in surgical training. A survey was devised through an iterative process before distribution to surgical trainees, foundation year doctors and medical students through online platforms.

Methods: The survey was disseminated within the United Kingdom through social media and email correspondence, in co-operation with national surgical organisations.

Is the quality of occlusal contacts comparable after aligner and fixed orthodontic therapy? A non-randomized cohort comparison using computerized occlusal analysis during 6 months of retention.

Objective: Less than ideal contacts have been reported following aligner therapy, but it is considered a transitory problem, spontaneously resolving with the phenomenon of settling. : Thirty-nine orthodontic patients (14 treated with aligners; 25 with fixed appliances) were evaluated with a digital occlusal analysis system (T-scan™10), assessing Maximum Intercuspation contact simultaneity, symmetry, and relative force distribution at treatment completion and after 3 and 6 months.

Results: No significant differences in occlusal contact quality were found between groups at treatment completion or follow-up.

A Multi-Center Disclusion Time Reduction (DTR) Randomized Controlled Occlusal Adjustment Study Using Occlusal Force and Timing Sensors Synchronized with Muscle Physiology Sensors.

-To perform a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Disclusion Time Reduction (DTR) study at five Dental Colleges, using intraoral sensors and muscular electrodes. -One hundred students were randomly assigned to a treatment group to receive the ICAGD coronoplasty, or a control group that received tooth polishing. All subjects answered symptom questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory-II, Functional Restrictions, and Chronic Pain Symptom and Frequency.

How to WHO: lessons from aviation in checklists and debriefs.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) surgical safety checklist (SSC) has had an overall positive impact; however, it has not completely prevented adverse events and compliance with the checklist varies. The aviation industry is considered to have better engagement with their safety checklists, reporting not only safety improvements, but also a cultural shift in their checklist philosophy over recent years.

Methods: We explored the personal attitudes of pilots working in the aviation industry to identify principles of an effective checklist philosophy that could be transposed to the healthcare setting to empower more effective, consistent and ultimately successful implementation of the WHO SSC.

Understanding the role of Foundation doctors through a self-reported time-mapping pilot study.

Introduction: There is a reduction in Foundation trainee applications to speciality training and this is attributed to an administrative job role, with subsequent fears of burnout. This pilot study presents the findings of a real-time self-reporting tool to map a group of Foundation doctors' elective activities. Self-reporting is efficient, low cost to run and allows for repeated measures and scalability.

Botulinum toxin type A for controlling bruxism assessed with computerized occlusal analysis: A pilot study.

: To assess botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) on mandibular movements and bite force (BF%) in bruxism.: Ten bruxers were divided into 2 groups based on BF% imbalance (G1: >10%, G2: <10%). BTX-A 140U was total injected into the masseter and temporalis muscles.

A 5-year follow-up study of 633 cutaneous SCC excisions: Rates of local recurrence and lymph node metastasis.

Background: A 5-year follow-up study of 633 cutaneous squamous cell cancer (SCC) excisions was performed by collecting data on rates of local recurrence (LR) and lymph node (LN) metastasis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients was performed across four regional plastic surgery centres (Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury; John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury and Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth) assessing rates of LR and LN metastasis.

Results: We report 5-year outcomes from 598 SCCs (95% follow-up rate).

Defining Normal Parameters for the Male Nipple-Areola Complex: A Prospective Observational Study and Recommendations for Placement on the Chest Wall.

Background: The nipple-areola complex (NAC) is important aesthetically and functionally for both sexes. Methods for positioning the NAC in males are less well established in the literature compared to females but are just as important.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the normal parameters for the male NAC, to review literature, and to present a reliable method for preoperative placement.

Disclusion time reduction therapy in treating occluso-muscular pains.

Disclusion time reduction (DTR) is an objective treatment protocol using T-Scan III (digital analysis of occlusion) and electromyography for treating occlusally activated orofacial pains. Chronic occluso-muscle disorder is a myogenous subset of temporomandibular disorder symptoms. These muscular symptoms are induced within hyperactive masticatory muscles due to prolonged disclusion time, occlusal interferences, and occlusal surface friction that occur during mandibular excursive movements.

Comparison of excursive occlusal force parameters in post-orthodontic and non-orthodontic subjects using T-Scan® III.

Objective: Published studies indicate that orthodontically treated patients demonstrate increased posterior occlusal friction contributing to temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms. This study investigated measured excursive movement occlusal contact parameters and their association with TMD symptoms between non- and post-orthodontic subjects.

Methods: Twenty-five post-orthodontic and 25 non-orthodontic subjects underwent T-Scan® computerized occlusal analysis to determine their disclusion time (DT), the excursive frictional contacts, and occlusal scheme.

Treatment of frictional dental hypersensitivity (FDH) with computer-guided occlusal adjustments.

Objective: To verify the efficacy of treating dentin/dental hypersensitivity (DH) to Cold Ice Water Swish testing before and after subjects undergo the Immediate Complete Anterior Guidance Development (ICAGD) computer-guided occlusal adjustment.

Methods: One hundred chronically dysfunctional patients with known cold sensitivity swished ice water intraorally to elicit a DH response scored on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The subjects then underwent the ICAGD coronoplasty, which was followed by a second ice water swish scored with a second VAS.

Average chewing pattern improvements following Disclusion Time reduction.

Objectives: Studies involving electrognathographic (EGN) recordings of chewing improvements obtained following occlusal adjustment therapy are rare, as most studies lack 'chewing' within the research. The objectives of this study were to determine if reducing long Disclusion Time to short Disclusion Time with the immediate complete anterior guidance development (ICAGD) coronoplasty in symptomatic subjects altered their average chewing pattern (ACP) and their muscle function.

Methods: Twenty-nine muscularly symptomatic subjects underwent simultaneous EMG and EGN recordings of right and left gum chewing, before and after the ICAGD coronoplasty.

Comparison of closure occlusal force parameters in post-orthodontic and non-orthodontic subjects using T-Scan® III DMD occlusal analysis.

Objective: Balanced occlusal force distribution is a critical factor for restorative, prosthetic or orthodontic treatment. It has been postulated that orthodontic treatment may lead to occlusal discrepancies in the arch due to changing the occlusal relationships. This study was conducted to compare the occlusal force parameters between natural dentition patients and a post-orthodontic treatment group.

Diagnostic Yield of Clinical Tumor and Germline Whole-Exome Sequencing for Children With Solid Tumors.

Importance: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has the potential to reveal tumor and germline mutations of clinical relevance, but the diagnostic yield for pediatric patients with solid tumors is unknown.

Objective: To characterize the diagnostic yield of combined tumor and germline WES for children with solid tumors.

Design: Unselected children with newly diagnosed and previously untreated central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS solid tumors were prospectively enrolled in the BASIC3 study at a large academic children's hospital during a 23-month period from August 2012 through June 2014.

Treatment of Prominent Ears with an Implantable Clip System: A Pilot Study.

Background: The earFold™ implantable clip system is a new treatment for prominent ears using an implant made from nickel-titanium alloy, forged into a predetermined shape. The implant is fixed to the cartilage then released, causing the cartilage to fold back.

Objectives: The study aimed to test the safety and behaviour of the implant in vivo.

Pediatric Cancer Genetics Research and an Evolving Preventive Ethics Approach for Return of Results after Death of the Subject.

The return of genetic research results after death in the pediatric setting comes with unique complexities. Researchers must determine which results and through which processes results are returned. This paper discusses the experience over 15 years in pediatric cancer genetics research of returning research results after the death of a child and proposes a preventive ethics approach to protocol development in order to improve the quality of return of results in pediatric genomic settings.

Obtaining informed consent for clinical tumor and germline exome sequencing of newly diagnosed childhood cancer patients.

Background: Effectively educating families about the risks and benefits of genomic tests such as whole exome sequencing (WES) offers numerous challenges, including the complexity of test results and potential loss of privacy. Research on best practices for obtaining informed consent (IC) in a variety of clinical settings is needed. The BASIC3 study of clinical tumor and germline WES in an ethnically diverse cohort of newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients offers the opportunity to study the IC process in the setting of critical illness.

Clinician accuracy when subjectively interpreting articulating paper markings.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine whether Subjective Interpretation of paper markings is a reliable method for identifying the relative occlusal force content of tooth contacts.

Methodology: 295 clinicians selected the "Most Forceful" and "Least Forceful" occlusal contacts in six occlusal-view photographs of articulating paper marks that were later compared against computerized occlusal analysis relative occlusal force measurements of the same tooth contacts. Means and standard deviations were calculated by years in clinical practice and by number of occlusion courses taken.

Laser therapy and photosensitive medication: a review of the evidence.

In the 2009 guidelines from the BMLA, the use of non-essential aesthetic lasers was contraindicated in patients receiving medication that causes whole-body photosensitisation as well as those causing local light sensitisation. Following this and anecdotal advice, many laser centres refuse to treat patients who are on known photosensitive medication. Therefore, specific patient cohorts that would benefit from laser therapy are being denied because of medications, such as long-term antibiotics for chronic facial acne.

Force Finishing and Centering to Balance a Removable Complete Denture Prosthesis Using the T-Scan III Computerized Occlusal Analysis System.

Obtaining bilateral balance of removable complete denture prostheses is the occlusal goal of the restorative dentist or prosthodontist. Despite our best clinical efforts, and the using of advanced mechanical devices like semi-adjustable articulators and face bow transfer mounting of dental casts, it is a struggle to provide accurate occlusal force balance. Some of the advocated reasons for the clinical difficulty of obtaining reliable occlusal balance are that stone casts lack soft tissue resiliency, and articulators only approximate human occlusal functional movements.