Radiation exposure and screening yield by digital breast tomosynthesis compared to mammography: results of the TOSYMA Trial breast density related.

Objectives: The randomized TOmosynthesis plus SYnthesized MAmmography (TOSYMA) screening trial has shown that digital breast tomosynthesis plus synthesized mammography (DBT + SM) is superior to digital mammography (DM) in invasive breast cancer detection varying with breast density. On the other hand, the overall average glandular dose (AGD) of DBT is higher than that of DM. Comparing the DBT + SM and DM trial arm, we analyzed here the mean AGD and their determinants per breast density category and related them to the respective invasive cancer detection rates (iCDR).

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis versus Digital Mammography for Detection of Early-Stage Cancers Stratified by Grade: A TOSYMA Subanalysis.

Background Breast cancer screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) plus synthesized mammography (SM) increases invasive tumor detection compared with digital mammography (DM). However, it is not known how the prognostic characteristics of the cancers detected with the two screening approaches differ. Purpose To compare invasive breast cancers detected with DBT plus SM (test arm) versus DM (control arm) screening with regard to tumor stage, histologic grade, patient age, and breast density.

Artificial Intelligence for Indication of Invasive Assessment of Calcifications in Mammography Screening.

Purpose: Lesion-related evaluation of the diagnostic performance of an individual artificial intelligence (AI) system to assess mamographically detected and histologically proven calcifications.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 634 women of one screening unit (July 2012 - June 2018) who completed the invasive assessment of calcifications. For each leasion, the AI-system calculated a score between 0 and 98.

Breast Density and Breast Cancer Screening with Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: A TOSYMA Trial Subanalysis.

Background Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) plus synthesized mammography (SM) reduces the diagnostic pitfalls of tissue superimposition, which is a limitation of digital mammography (DM). Purpose To compare the invasive breast cancer detection rate (iCDR) of DBT plus SM versus DM screening for different breast density categories. Materials and Methods An exploratory subanalysis of the TOmosynthesis plus SYnthesized MAmmography (TOSYMA) study, a randomized, controlled, multicenter, parallel-group trial recruited within the German mammography screening program from July 2018 to December 2020.

Respiratory motion correction in F-18-FDG PET/CT impacts lymph node assessment in lung cancer patients.

Backgrounds: Elastic motion correction in PET has been shown to increase image quality and quantitative measurements of PET datasets affected by respiratory motion. However, little is known on the impact of respiratory motion correction on clinical image evaluation in oncologic PET. This study evaluated the impact of motion correction on expert readers' lymph node assessment of lung cancer patients.

EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI): study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial.

Introduction: More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates.

Termination of pregnancy in the second trimester - the course of different therapy regimens.

Objectives: To compare two prostaglandin analogs and two application intervals between mifepristone and the prostaglandin analog administration on the time to abortion in second trimester termination of pregnancy. Other endpoints were live birth rate and fetal lifetime after expulsion.

Methods: Retrospective data of 373 abortions performed were evaluated.

Digital breast tomosynthesis plus synthesised mammography versus digital screening mammography for the detection of invasive breast cancer (TOSYMA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, superiority trial.

Background: Two dimensional (2D) full-field digital mammography is the current standard of breast cancer screening. Digital breast tomosynthesis generates pseudo-three dimensional datasets of the breast from which synthesised 2D (s2D) mammograms can be reconstructed. This innovative approach reduces the likelihood of overlapping breast tissues that can conceal features of malignancy.

Vitamin D Status in Distinct Types of Ichthyosis: Importance of Genetic Type and Severity of Scaling.

Data on vitamin D status of patients with inherited ichthyosis in Europe is scarce and unspecific concerning the genetic subtype. This study determined serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in 87 patients with ichthyosis; 69 patients were additionally analysed for parathyroid hormone. Vitamin D deficiency was pronounced in keratinopathic ichthyosis (n = 17; median 25(OH)D3: 10.

Improvement of patient stratification in human papilloma virus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma by defining a multivariable risk score.

Background: Precise risk stratification models are necessary to determine patient selection for deintensifying treatment trials in human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (HPV+ OPSCC).

Methods: We examined 526 cases with OPSCC treated at our department between 2002 and 2017. Every patient was classified after the 7th and 8th edition UICC staging manual.

Postoperative pancreatic fistula affects recurrence-free survival of pancreatic cancer patients.

Purpose: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) with reported incidence rates up to 45% contributes substantially to overall morbidity. In this study, we conducted a retrospective evaluation of POPF along with its potential perioperative clinical risk factors and its effect on tumor recurrence.

Methods: Clinical data on patients who had received pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), distal pancreatectomy (DP), or duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) were prospectively collected between 2007 and 2016.

Symptom Diary-Based Analysis of Disease Course among Patients with Mild Coronavirus Disease, Germany, 2020.

Limited information is available on the clinical course of outpatients with mild coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This information is critically important to inform public health prevention strategies and to provide anticipatory guidance to patients, primary care providers, and employers. We retrospectively assessed the daily prevalence of symptoms in 313 COVID-19 outpatients for the first 20 days of illness.

Minimal extrathyroid extension in papillary micro carcinoma of the thyroid is an independent risk factor for relapse through lymph node and distant metastases.

Minimal extrathyroid extension (mETE) is no longer considered in the new 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC staging system. Therefore, papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with mETE previously staged as pT3 will now be staged as pT1a and most likely not receive adjuvant radioiodine therapy. However, it remains unclear if mETE is associated with higher aggressiveness in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Teriflunomide treatment is associated with optic nerve recovery in early multiple sclerosis.

Background And Aims: Various attempts have been made to support recovery following optic neuritis (ON), but the respective trials have mostly been negative. The aim of this study was to determine whether disease-modifying treatment (DMT) following ON as first manifestation of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis influences long-term outcomes.

Methods: A total of 79 patients with ON were identified and evaluated at relapse, DMT induction, and 12 months following treatment induction with either glatiramer acetate (GLAT), interferon-beta (IFN), or teriflunomide (TRF).

Effects of Different Doses of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Kidney Damage Among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Single-Center Mechanistic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: We have previously shown that remote ischemic preconditioning reduces acute kidney injury (acute kidney injury) in high-risk patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and that the protective effect is confined to patients who exhibit an increased urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 in response to remote ischemic preconditioning. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal intensity of remote ischemic preconditioning to induce required [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7] changes and further explore mechanisms of remote ischemic preconditioning.

Design: Observational and randomized controlled, double-blind clinical trial.

An improved one-sample log-rank test.

The one-sample log-rank test allows to compare the survival of a single sample with a prefixed reference survival curve. It naturally applies in single-arm phase IIa trials with time-to-event endpoint. Several authors have described that the original one-sample log-rank test is conservative when sample size is small and have proposed strategies to correct the conservativeness.

Influence of mydriasis on optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of topical mydriatic eye drops on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: 27 eyes of 27 patients suffering from AMD were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients with ≥-4.

Acinetobacter baumannii Is a Risk Factor for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children and Adolescents With a Tracheostomy.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) are a major cause of hospitalization for children and adolescents with a tracheostomy. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for LRI.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we assessed the number of LRI and hospitalizations for LRI from 2004 to 2014 at the University Hospital Muenster Pediatric Department.

Fetal adrenal gland size in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background The aim of this study was to compare the adrenal gland size of fetuses of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with that of healthy control fetuses. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study included measurements of the adrenal gland size of 62 GDM fetuses (GDM group) and 370 normal controls (control group) between the 19th and 41st week of gestation. A standardized transversal plane was used to measure the total width and the medulla width.

Diurnal variations in flow density measured using optical coherence tomography angiography and the impact of heart rate, mean arterial pressure and intraocular pressure on flow density in primary open-angle glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To determine the diurnal variations in peripapillary and macular flow density (FD), as measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to elaborate on the relationship between diurnal FD, circulatory parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP) variations in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: Forty eyes of 40 POAG patients were drawn into this cross-sectional study. The retinal microvasculature of the macula (superficial and deep layers) and optic nerve [radial peripapillary capillary (RPC)] was examined by OCTA (AngioVue , Optovue).

A mechanistic classification of clinical phenotypes in neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. Its clinical course ranges from spontaneous tumor regression to fatal progression. To investigate the molecular features of the divergent tumor subtypes, we performed genome sequencing on 416 pretreatment neuroblastomas and assessed telomere maintenance mechanisms in 208 of these tumors.

Comparison of Nocturnal Cough Analysis in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Cough is a key symptom in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

Objective: The study objectives were to test whether cough is related to parameters reflecting their disease severity and whether CF and PCD differ in cough frequency.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, we used a microphone-based monitoring system (LEOSound® Monitor) to count the coughs in healthy subjects (HS) and in stable patients with CF and PCD (25 subjects per group) on 2 consecutive nights.

Systematic analysis of parameters predicting pathological axillary status (ypN0 vs. ypN+) in patients with breast cancer converting from cN+ to ycN0 through primary systemic therapy (PST).

Optimization of axillary staging among patients converting from clinically node-positive disease to clinically node-negative disease through primary systemic therapy is needed. We aimed at developing a nomogram predicting the probability of positive axillary status after chemotherapy based on clinical/pathological parameters. Patients from study arm C of the SENTINA trial were included.

Quantification of fetal myocardial function in pregnant women with diabetic diseases and in normal controls using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).

Background The purpose of our study was to quantify the fetal myocardial function in pregnant women with diabetic diseases (FDM) and in normal controls (FC) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Methods In this prospective study, the myocardial strain and dyssynchrony were analyzed using STE in a transversal four-chamber view in 180 fetuses (53 FDM, 127 FC) between 19 and 39 weeks of gestation. The measurements of the global and segmental longitudinal strain of both chambers (2C) and of the single left chamber (1C) were executed offline via QLab 10.