Lack of gastric emptying at autopsy eleven days after heat trauma in the sauna- a forensic autopsy case report.

A man in his mid-70s passed out in a public 90-degree sauna and remained unconscious for at least half an hour. He suffered third-degree burns to approximately 50% of his body surface area. Despite immediate transport to a burn center and intensive care therapy, he did not regain consciousness and died eleven days later.

Optic nerve sheath diameter correlates with both success and failure of hydrocephalus treatment in pediatric patients with pineal region lesions.

Background: Pineal region lesions in children are heterogenous pathologies often symptomatic due to occlusive hydrocephalus and thus elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). MRI-derived parameters to assess hydrocephalus are the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a surrogate for ICP and the frontal occipital horn ratio (FOHR), representing ventricle volume. As elevated ICP may not always be associated with clinical signs, the adjunct of ONSD could help decision making in patients undergoing treatment.

Influence of sex and disease etiology on the development of papilledema and optic nerve sheath extension in the setting of intracranial pressure elevation in children.

Introduction: Dilatation of the optic nerve sheath diameter and swelling of the optic disc are known phenomena associated with intracranial pressure elevation.

Research Question: Do sex and disease etiology have an impact on the development of optic disc elevation and optic nerve sheath extension in children in the setting of ICP elevation? Fundoscopic papilledema and point-of-care-ultrasound techniques-optic nerve sheath diameter (US-ONSD) and optic disc elevation (US-ODE) - were compared in this regard.

Material And Methods: 72 children were included in this prospective study; 50 with proven pathology (e.

Ultrasound-guided initial diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children often presents with non-specific symptoms found in conditions such as hydrocephalus. For definite diagnosis, invasive intracranial pressure measurement is usually required. Ultrasound (US) of the optic nerve sheath diameter provides a non-invasive method to assess intracranial pressure.

Non-Invasive Quantitative Approximation of Intracranial Pressure in Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Based on Point-of-Care Ultrasound of the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter.

Background: To investigate whether ultrasound-based optic nerve sheath diameter (US-ONSD) is a reliable measure to follow up children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). In addition, to analyze the inter- and intra-individual relationships between US-ONSD and intracranial pressure (ICP), and to investigate whether an individualized mathematical regression equation obtained from two paired US-ONSD/ICP values can be used to approximate ICP from US-ONSD values.

Methods: 159 US examinations and 53 invasive ICP measures via lumbar puncture (LP) were performed in 28 children with IIH.

Intracranial Pressure, Autoregulation, and Cerebral Perfusion in Infants With Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis at the Time of Surgical Correction.

Background And Objective: Although an increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a known problem in children with syndromic craniosynostosis, it remains unclear whether elevated ICP and impaired cerebral perfusion exist in nonsyndromic synostosis and should be defined as targets of primary treatment. This study aimed to investigate ICP, cerebral autoregulation (CAR), and brain perfusion in infants with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis at first surgical intervention.

Methods: Forty-three infants were prospectively included.

Retrospective longitudinal assessment of optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with malignant glioma.

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a tumor with rapid growth and a possible relationship to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). High ICP may not always be associated with clinical signs. A non-invasive technique for assessment of ICP is measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).

Transorbital point-of-care ultrasound versus fundoscopic papilledema to support treatment indication for potentially elevated intracranial pressure in children.

Purpose: To compare transorbital point-of-care ultrasound techniques -optic nerve sheath diameter (US-ONSD) and optic disc elevation (US-ODE)- with fundoscopic papilledema to detect potentially raised intracranial pressure (ICP) with treatment indication in children.

Methods: In a prospective study, 72 symptomatic children were included, 50 with later proven disease associated with raised ICP (e.g.

Monitoring of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity in children may predict neurologic outcome after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Objectives: Impaired cerebral blood flow is a first-line reason of ischemic-hypoxic brain injury in children. The principal goal of intensive care management is to detect and prevent further cerebral blood flow deficits. This can be achieved by actively managing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) using input from cerebrovascular autoregulation (CAR).

Strain Acquisition Framework and Novel Bending Evaluation Formulation for Compression-Loaded Composites Using Digital Image Correlation.

Consistent and reproducible data are key for material characterization. This work presents digital image correlation (DIC) strain acquisition guidelines for compression-loaded carbon fiber composites. Additionally, a novel bending criterion is formulated which builds up on the DIC strain data so that it is able to completely replace state-of-the-art tactile strain devices.

Comparison of B-Scan Ultrasound and MRI-Based Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) Measurements in Children.

Background: Qualitative, noninvasive assessment of intracranial pressure is of eminent importance in pediatric patients in many clinical situations and can reliably be performed using transorbital ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). MRI-based determination of ONSD can serve as an alternative if ultrasound (US) is not possible or available for various reasons, for example, in small, incompliant children. This study investigates repeatability and observer reliability of US ONSD and correlation and bias of US- versus MRI-based ONSD assessment in pediatric patients.

Semantic segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid and brain volume with a convolutional neural network in pediatric hydrocephalus-transfer learning from existing algorithms.

Background: For the segmentation of medical imaging data, a multitude of precise but very specific algorithms exist. In previous studies, we investigated the possibility of segmenting MRI data to determine cerebrospinal fluid and brain volume using a classical machine learning algorithm. It demonstrated good clinical usability and a very accurate correlation of the volumes to the single area determination in a reproducible axial layer.

Changes of third ventricle diameter (TVD) mirror changes of the entire ventricular system at acute shunt failure and after shunt revision in pediatric hydrocephalus.

Purpose: In hydrocephalic children, regular investigations of the ventricles are important for initial diagnosis and after initial treatment. Our recent study showed that changes of the third ventricle diameter (TVD) reliably reflect changes of the entire ventricular system at diagnosis and following initial therapy. This study compares changes of TVD with changes of ventricle indices at acute shunt failure and after shunt revision in hydrocephalic children.

Planar single plane area determination is a viable substitute for total volumetry of CSF and brain in childhood hydrocephalus.

Background: In the treatment of childhood hydrocephalus, 3D volumetry seems to have many advantages over classical planar index measurements for dedicated monitoring of changes in cerebrospinal fluid and brain volume. Nevertheless, this method requires extensive technical effort and access to the complete three-dimensional data set. Against this background, we evaluated the possibility of planar area determination in a single plane and the correlation to volumetry.

Transtemporal Ultrasound (US) Assessment of Third Ventricle Diameter (TVD): Comparison of US and MRI TVD in Pediatric Patients.

Introduction: In a retrospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based study, we showed that changes of the third ventricle diameter (TVD) are a reliable mirror of changes of the entire ventricular system. The third ventricle is easily accessible in more than 90% of children and adults using ultrasound (US) via the transtemporal bone-window; thus it can be assessed quickly and free of radiation. In order to use transtemporal US determination of TVD instead of MRI/CT in clinical practice, it is important to know if there is a correlation and bias between both methods, which is addressed in this study.

Automatic volumetry of cerebrospinal fluid and brain volume in severe paediatric hydrocephalus, implementation and clinical course after intervention.

Background: In childhood hydrocephalus, both the amount of cerebrospinal fluid and the brain volume are relevant for the prognosis of the development and for therapy monitoring. Since classical planar measurements of ventricular size are subject to strong limitations, imprecise and neglect brain volume, 3D volumetry is most desirable. We used and evaluated the robust segmentation algorithms of the freely available FSL-toolbox in paediatric hydrocephalus patients before and after specific therapy.

The relation of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and intracranial pressure (ICP) in pediatric neurosurgery practice - Part II: Influence of wakefulness, method of ICP measurement, intra-individual ONSD-ICP correlation and changes after therapy.

Purpose: Previous studies correlating ultrasound (US)-based optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and intracranial pressure (ICP) in children were performed under general anesthesia. To apply ONSD in daily clinical routine, it is necessary to investigate patients awake. It is furthermore essential for ICP-assessment with ONSD to know if ONSD-ICP correlation varies within individuals.

The relation of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and intracranial pressure (ICP) in pediatric neurosurgery practice - Part I: Correlations, age-dependency and cut-off values.

Purpose: It is assumed that the width of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is dependent on intracranial pressure (ICP) and pulsatility and thus constitutes a non-invasively accessible "window" for qualitative assessment of ICP. Data on the correlation to invasively measured ICP in children are scarce and have often been obtained from sedated patients in intensive care unit (ICU) or intraoperatively. We report on a mixed cohort of pediatric neurosurgical patients, ICP and ONSD measurements were available from both sedated and awake children, only a minority from ICU patients.

Changes of third ventricle diameter (TVD) mirror changes of the entire ventricular system after initial therapy and during follow-up in pediatric hydrocephalus.

Purpose: Regular measurement of ventricular size is important in children with hydrocephalus. After closure of the fontanelle this is currently addressed by repetitive cranial MRI or CT imaging, coming along with risks of anaesthesia or radiation. As the third ventricle is accessible via the temporal bone window using ultrasound, determination of its diameter might be an easy and radiation-free alternative to assess the ventricular system.

Cerebro-venous hypertension: a frequent cause of so-called "external hydrocephalus" in infants.

Introduction: External hydrocephalus (eHC) is commonly defined as a subtype of infant "hydrocephalus" consisting of macrocepahly associated with enlarged subarachnoid space and no or mild ventriculomegaly. This status is thought to be related to impaired CSF absorption because of arachnoid villi immaturity. However, other factors like the venous system might be involved in the development of the clinical picture.

Macrophage Depletion Ameliorates Peripheral Neuropathy in Aging Mice.

Aging is known as a major risk factor for the structure and function of the nervous system. There is urgent need to overcome such deleterious effects of age-related neurodegeneration. Here we show that peripheral nerves of 24-month-old aging C57BL/6 mice of either sex show similar pathological alterations as nerves from aging human individuals, whereas 12-month-old adult mice lack such alterations.

Fibrolipomatous hamartomas of the median nerve in infancy and early childhood-imaging hallmarks, symptomatology, and treatment.

Unlabelled: A fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) is a rare lesion leading to an enlargement of the affected nerve and commonly manifests at the median nerve. Symptomatic patients are mostly adolescents or adults. In children below 10 years, this entity is rather unknown and likely to be misdiagnosed.

Tracing the tail of ubiquinone in mitochondrial complex I.

Mitochondrial complex I (proton pumping NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the largest and most complicated component of the respiratory electron transfer chain. Despite its central role in biological energy conversion the structure and function of this membrane integral multiprotein complex is still poorly understood. Recent insights into the structure of complex I by X-ray crystallography have shown that iron-sulfur cluster N2, the immediate electron donor for ubiquinone, resides about 30Å above the membrane domain and mutagenesis studies suggested that the active site for the hydrophobic substrate is located next to this redox-center.

Mitochondrial genomes of yeasts of the Yarrowia clade.

Candida alimentaria, Candida deformans, Candida galli, and Candida phangngensis have been recently reported to be the close relatives of Yarrowia lipolytica. To explore this clade of yeasts, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of these four species and compared it with the mtDNA of Y. lipolytica.