Psychosocial adjustment to Mild Cognitive Impairment: The role of illness perceptions, cognitive fusion and cognitive impairment.

Background And Objective: Receiving a Mild Cognitive Impairment diagnosis and adjusting to this condition is challenging, given the uncertain clinical trajectory surrounding progression to dementia. We aimed to explore the influence of illness perceptions and cognitive fusion on coping and emotional responses in a sample of people diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment.: A cross-sectional study of 34 participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment (47% female and 53% male; mean age 76.

Setting global research priorities for integrated community case management (iCCM): Results from a CHNRI (Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative) exercise.

Aims: To systematically identify global research gaps and resource priorities for integrated community case management (iCCM).

Methods: An iCCM Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) Advisory Group, in collaboration with the Community Case Management Operational Research Group (CCM ORG) identified experts to participate in a CHNRI research priority setting exercise. These experts generated and systematically ranked research questions for iCCM.

Evaluation of Aquacel Ag for Autogenous Skin Donor Sites.

An ongoing objective of burn research is to evaluate wound dressings and develop new treatments to expedite wound healing. This was a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of Aquacel Ag as a dressing for autogenous skin donor sites compared with Xeroform. We hypothesized that donor sites treated with Aquacel Ag would heal faster.

Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for psychosis.

Objective: The Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for psychosis (CBQp) was developed to capture 5 cognitive distortions (jumping to conclusions, intentionalising, catastrophising, emotional reasoning, and dichotomous thinking), which are considered important for the pathogenesis of psychosis. Vignettes were adapted from the Cognitive Style Test (CST),(1) relating to "Anomalous Perceptions" and "Threatening Events" themes.

Method: Scale structure, reliability, and validity were investigated in a psychosis group, and CBQp scores were compared with those of depressed and healthy control samples.

A prospective study of PTSD following recovery from first-episode psychosis: the threat from persecutors, voices, and patienthood.

Objectives: Approximately one third of people with early psychosis report post-traumatic symptoms, some of which are thought to arise from traumatic experiences associated with psychosis itself. This prospective study tested hypotheses based on retrospective findings that threat appraisals of voices, persecutors, or the new label of 'mental health patient' predict symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods: Appraisals of power and threat from voices and other persecutors and appraisals of the threat posed to identity by the diagnosis were assessed during the first acute phase of psychosis.

A randomized experimental investigation of reasoning training for people with delusions.

The present study aimed to investigate whether a brief reasoning training module changes the "jumping to conclusions" data gathering bias in people with delusions. A secondary aim was to examine whether improvements in reasoning would lead to greater flexibility in thinking about delusions. It was found that people with delusions and a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 34) requested less information on a reasoning task compared with a nonclinical control group (n = 34).

Distinct roles of galactose-1P in galactose-mediated growth arrest of yeast deficient in galactose-1P uridylyltransferase (GALT) and UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE).

Galactose is metabolized in humans and other species by the three-enzyme Leloir pathway comprised of galactokinase (GALK), galactose 1-P uridylyltransferase (GALT), and UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE). Impairment of GALT or GALE in humans results in the potentially lethal disorder galactosemia, and loss of either enzyme in yeast results in galactose-dependent growth arrest of cultures despite the availability of an alternate carbon source. In contrast, loss of GALK in humans is not life-threatening, and in yeast has no impact on the growth of cultures challenged with galactose.

Mediators of galactose sensitivity in UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase-impaired mammalian cells.

UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE) catalyzes the final step in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, interconverting UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose. Unlike its Escherichia coli counterpart, mammalian GALE also interconverts UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. Considering the key roles played by all four of these UDP-sugars in glycosylation, human GALE therefore not only contributes to the Leloir pathway, but also functions as a gatekeeper overseeing the ratios of important substrate pools required for the synthesis of glycosylated macromolecules.

Differential roles of the Leloir pathway enzymes and metabolites in defining galactose sensitivity in yeast.

The metabolism of galactose via enzymes of the Leloir pathway: galactokinase, galactose-1-P uridylyltransferase, and UDP galactose-4'-epimerase, is a process that has been conserved from Escherichia coli through humans. Impairment of this pathway in patients results in the disease galactosemia. Despite decades of study, the underlying pathophysiology in galactosemia remains unknown.

Use of LeVeen pleuroperitoneal shunt for refractory high-volume chylothorax.

We present a case of intractable high-volume (> 2L/d) chylothorax after transhiatal esophagectomy treated successfully with the simultaneous insertion of both Denver (Denver Biomedical, Golden, CO) and LeVeen (Becton-Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ) pleuroperitoneal shunts. The patient initially had chemoradiotherapy for a T4N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Re-staging showed a dramatic shrinkage of tumor, and a transhiatal esophagectomy was performed.

Determinants of function and substrate specificity in human UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase.

UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE) interconverts UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose in the final step of the Leloir pathway. Unlike the Escherichia coli enzyme, human GALE (hGALE) also efficiently interconverts a larger pair of substrates: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. The basis of this differential substrate specificity has remained obscure.

Cognitive therapy for command hallucinations: randomised controlled trial.

Background: Command hallucinations are a distressing and high-risk group of symptoms that have long been recognised but little understood, with few effective treatments. In line with our recent research, we propose that the development of an effective cognitive therapy for command hallucinations (CTCH) would be enhanced by applying insights from social rank theory.

Aims: We tested the efficacy of CTCH in reducing beliefs about the power of voices and thereby compliance, in a single-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Novel roles for iron regulatory proteins in the adaptive response to iron deficiency.

Iron regulatory proteins (IRP) modulate the use of mRNA-encoding proteins that are involved in the transport, storage and use of iron. Several new potential mRNA targets for IRP were recently identified: divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1) and ferroportin, which are critical regulators of iron absorption in the gut and of iron cycling between various tissues of the body. Although this may extend the reach of IRP to other processes that are important for maintaining body iron homeostasis, the extent to which IRP modulate other physiological processes that are altered in response to changes in iron availability is not clear.

Iron deficiency decreases mitochondrial aconitase abundance and citrate concentration without affecting tricarboxylic acid cycle capacity in rat liver.

Mitochondrial aconitase (m-acon) is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme that converts citrate to isocitrate. m-Acon mRNA is a potential target for regulation by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), suggesting a link between dietary iron intake, m-acon synthesis, and energy metabolism. Our previous studies indicate that m-acon is one of a limited number of proteins that is down-regulated in iron-deficient liver.