Epilepsy and overgrowth-intellectual disability syndromes: a patient organization perspective on collaborating to accelerate pathways to treatment.

Overgrowth-intellectual disability (OGID) syndromes are a collection of rare genetic disorders with overlapping clinical profiles. In addition to the cardinal features of general overgrowth (height and/or head circumference at least two standard deviations above the mean) and some degree of intellectual disability, the OGID syndromes are often associated with neurological anomalies including seizures. In an effort to advance research in directions that will generate meaningful treatments for people with OGID syndromes, a new collaborative partnership called the Overgrowth Syndromes Alliance (OSA) formed in 2023.

The high-deductible trap. Will the increasingly popular option undermine accountable care?

High-deductible health plans are on the rise, but patients fearful of upfront costs can be reluctant to seek care under the plans. That undermines the goals of accountable care, which rely on timely care. "What the high-deductible health plans do is they very effectively address the cost of care, but they don't have a positive impact on the quality of care or on access," says Dr.

Eyeing the underdog.

Can Philadelphia's biotechnology industry absorb the jobs lost from pharmaceutical companies? Kerry Grens investigates.

Two visual processing pathways are targeted by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the retina.

In fish the terminal nerve is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend both anteriorly to the olfactory mucosa and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina. One peptide - gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - has been implicated as a prime candidate neuromodulator based on electrophysiological evidence that exogenous application influences neural activity.