, a New Species from the (Sub)tropical Cloud Forests of North America and the Caribbean, and , a New Synonym of .

is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae, with several highly priced edible and medicinal species. Here we describe , a new species, in . sect.

The effects of hedgehog ligand neutralising antibody 5E1 in a mouse model of endometriosis.

Objective: Endometriosis is a common and painful condition characterised by the formation of endometrial lesions within the peritoneal cavity. Previous studies have suggested a role for hedgehog signalling in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We investigated the role of hedgehog signalling in the establishment of endometriosis lesions using 5E1, a hedgehog ligand neutralising antibody, and a mouse model of endometriosis.

Discovery of Small Molecule Splicing Modulators of Survival Motor Neuron-2 (SMN2) for the Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA).

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare neuromuscular disorder, is the leading genetic cause of death in infants and toddlers. SMA is caused by the deletion or a loss of function mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. In humans, a second closely related gene SMN2 exists; however it codes for a less stable SMN protein.

Antibacterial and Solubility Optimization of Thiomuracin A.

Synthetic studies of the antimicrobial secondary metabolite thiomuracin A (1) provided access to analogues in the Northern region (C2-C10). Selective hydrolysis of the C10 amide of lead compound 2 and subsequent derivatization led to novel carbon- and nitrogen-linked analogues (e.g.

Evidence for amphithallism and broad geographical hybridization potential among Agaricus subrufescens isolates from Brazil, France, and Thailand.

Agaricus subrufescens is a cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom. Its known geographical distribution encompasses the Americas, Europe, Oceania, and Asia. The objective of this study was to assess mating compatibility and interfertility of strains originating from Brazil, France, and Thailand.

Agaricus bisporus genome sequence: a commentary.

The genomes of two isolates of Agaricus bisporus have been sequenced recently. This soil-inhabiting fungus has a wide geographical distribution in nature and it is also cultivated in an industrialized indoor process ($4.7bn annual worldwide value) to produce edible mushrooms.

Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche.

Agaricus bisporus is the model fungus for the adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment. Aside from its ecological role, A. bisporus has been an important component of the human diet for over 200 y and worldwide cultivation of the "button mushroom" forms a multibillion dollar industry.

New and rare taxa in Agaricus section Bivelares (Duploannulati).

Ongoing field and laboratory studies have led to our recognition of new taxa in Agaricus section Bivelares, a recent combination and now the earliest synonym and correct name of section Duploannulati. Agaricus cupressophilus and A. tlaxcalensis, in the new Agaricus subsection Cupressorum, and A.

Lectotypification of Agaricus brunnescens.

Agaricus brunnescens Peck sometimes is synonymized with A. bisporus (J. E.

Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview.

An overview of the phylogeny of the Agaricales is presented based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region supermatrix. Bayesian analyses of 5611 nucleotide characters of rpb1, rpb1-intron 2, rpb2 and 18S, 25S, and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes recovered six major clades, which are recognized informally and labeled the Agaricoid, Tricholomatoid, Marasmioid, Pluteoid, Hygrophoroid and Plicaturopsidoid clades.

Contributions of rpb2 and tef1 to the phylogeny of mushrooms and allies (Basidiomycota, Fungi).

A phylogeny of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota is presented based on a survey of 160 taxa and five nuclear genes. Two genes, rpb2, and tef1, are presented in detail. The rpb2 gene is more variable than tef1 and recovers well-supported clades at shallow and deep taxonomic levels.

Agaricus section Xanthodermatei: a phylogenetic reconstruction with commentary on taxa.

Agaricus section Xanthodermatei comprises a group of species allied to A. xanthodermus and generally characterized by basidiomata having phenolic odors, transiently yellowing discolorations in some parts of the basidiome, Schaeffer's reaction negative, and mild to substantial toxicity. The section has a global distribution, while most included species have distributions restricted to regions of single continents.

Agaricus subrufescens, a cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, and its synonyms.

Agaricus subrufescens Peck was cultivated first in the late 1800s in eastern North America. The type consists partly of cultivated material and partly of field-collected specimens. Once a popular market mushroom, the species faded from commerce in the early 20th century.

A phylogenetic reconstruction and emendation of Agaricus section Duploannulatae.

Agaricus section Duploannulatae comprises the group of species allied with A. bisporus and A. bitorquis.

Conservation of genetic linkage with map expansion in distantly related crosses of Agaricus bisporus.

A previous map of the genome of a hybrid strain which had European parents belonging to the secondarily homothallic fungus Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus appeared to be unusually compact, with a particularly recombophobic segment in the central part of chromosome I. A new map of this segment was constructed based on allelic segregations among 103 homokaryotic offspring of an A.

Phosphaturic effect of L-NMMA in the presence of parathyroid hormone.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) on phosphate excretion in the presence and absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Renal clearances were obtained before and during infusion of L-NMMA (15 mg/kg bolus and 500 micrograms.kg-1.

Localization of the Mating Type Gene in Agaricus bisporus.

The cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus is secondarily homothallic. Most basidia produce two basidiospores, each of which receives two of the four postmeiotic nuclei. Usually, the two packaged nuclei carry compatible mating types.

Meiotic behavior and linkage relationships in the secondarily homothallic fungus Agaricus bisporus.

This study followed the transmission of 64 segregating genetic markers to 52 haploid offspring, obtained from both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic meiospores, of a cross (AG 93b) of Agaricus bisporus, the commonly cultivated "button mushroom." The electrophoretic karyotypes of the AG 93b component nuclei were determined concurrently (n = 13). Eleven distinct linkage groups were identified by two-point analysis.

Acute renal denervation decreases tubular phosphate reabsorption.

Acute renal denervation (DNX) has been reported to increase urinary phosphate (Pi) excretion in rats with intact parathyroid glands and also in rats which were thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX). The present study was performed to determine the effects of acute renal denervation on the tubular transport of Pi in rats in the absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and in rats with constant PTH levels. In TPTX rats, the reabsorbed Pi normalized for the glomerular filtration rate (Reab Pi/GFR) was 2.

Yellow Blotch of Pleurotus ostreatus.

Yellow blotch disease of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was first observed in a commercial mushroom farm in California in 1983. The disease, caused by Pseudomonas agarici, is characterized by primordia, with yellow droplets on their surface, which become stunted, yellow to orange, and deformed as they mature.