Variability in Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography over 4 Weeks by Age.

Purpose: To quantify variation in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measures of total retinal thickness (top of inner limiting membrane to top of retinal pigment epithelium, RPE) and RPE thickness measures over a 4-week period and by age.

Methods: A total of 76 volunteers aged 40-85 years were seen at three visits over 4 weeks. Two Topcon SD-OCT scans were taken at each visit.

Serum Lipids and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Macular Edema in Persons With Long-term Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Importance: Total serum and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol have been considered risk factors for severe vascular outcomes in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To examine the long-term relationships between these 2 serum lipids and the incidence and prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Nine-hundred three persons with younger-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus who participated in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Sunlight exposure, pigmentation, and incident age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Examine potential effects of sunlight exposure, hair color, eye color, and selected gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on incidence of AMD.

Methods: Subjects participated in up to five examinations over a 20-year period. Eye color, self-reported hair color as a teenager, and sunlight exposure were ascertained at the baseline examination.

Measures of body shape and adiposity as related to incidence of age-related eye diseases: observations from the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Purpose: To examine the effect of obesity on the incidence of age-related eye disease.

Methods: Participants of the Beaver Dam Eye Study were examined every 5 years over a 20-year period (1988-1990 through 2008-2010). Lens and fundus photographs were used to evaluate presence and severity of cataract and macular degeneration.

Place-based exposure and cataract risk in the Beaver Dam cohort.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with an aging U.S. population an estimated 30 million people will be diagnosed with cataract by 2020.

Cross-sectional associations of medication and supplement use with retinal vascular diameter in the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Importance: Retinal vessel diameters are being measured to examine their relationship with ocular and systemic disease and, in some studies, to calculate the risk of disease. Important factors that directly affect retinal vessel diameters, such as medication use, should be considered when estimating these associations.

Objective: To quantify the association between selected medications and supplements and retinal vessel diameters.

Risk for end-stage renal disease over 25 years in the population-based WESDR cohort.

Objective: In the population-based Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) cohort, we sought to examine whether a decline in the prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was evident with increasing calendar year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis among people followed for 25 years. Factors associated with the hazard of incident ESRD that may mediate a decline were also investigated.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were examined at baseline in 1980 (n = 996) and at 4-25 years of follow-up.

Nitrate-nitrogen levels in rural drinking water: Is there an association with age-related macular degeneration?

We examined the association of nitrate-nitrogen exposure from rural private drinking water and incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). All participants in the Beaver Dam Eye Study (53916 improvement plan code) completed a questionnaire and had an ocular examination including standardized, graded fundus photographs at five examinations. Only information from rural residents in that study are included in this report.

Changing incidence of lens extraction over 20 years: the Beaver Dam eye study.

Objective: To investigate trends in the incidence of lens extraction over the past 20 years.

Design: Longitudinal population-based cohort study.

Participants: Persons who participated in the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Long-term use of aspirin and age-related macular degeneration.

Context: Aspirin is widely used for relief of pain and for cardioprotective effects. Its use is of concern to ophthalmologists when ocular surgery is being considered and also in the presence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Objective: To examine the association of regular aspirin use with incidence of AMD.

The relationship of cataract and cataract extraction to age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Objective: To examine the associations of cataract and cataract surgery with early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) over a 20-year interval.

Design: Longitudinal population-based study of age-related eye diseases.

Participants: Beaver Dam Eye Study participants.

Cross-sectional associations of blood elements, clotting factors, nephropathy, and retinal outcomes in long duration type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: To determine the association of blood elements, selected clotting factors, and nephropathy with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and macular edema (ME) in those with long duration type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Participants (N = 442) were seen in 2005-2007 at the 25-year follow-up of a population-based study of diabetic retinopathy, and were eligible for this analysis. Fundus photographs were graded using a standard retinopathy severity scheme.