Difficulties of unit managers in selected district hospitals in Cameroon.

Background: Being appointed to a managerial position because of one's clinical skills seems to be prestigious, even powerful. However, being a unit manager in a resource-constrained district hospital can be a daunting task. Also, managing a ward unit with no previous training in leadership and management can be very challenging.

Associations of built environment and proximity of food outlets with weight status: Analysis from 14 cities in 10 countries.

The study aimed to examine associations of neighborhood built environments and proximity of food outlets (BE measures) with body weight status using pooled data from an international study (IPEN Adult). Objective BE measures were calculated using geographic information systems for 10,008 participants (4463 male, 45%) aged 16-66 years in 14 cities. Participants self-reported proximity to three types of food outlets.

Early clinical markers of overweight/obesity onset and resolution by adolescence.

Objectives: We examined how combinations of clinical indicators at various ages predict overweight/obesity development, as well as resolution, by 10-11 and 14-15 years of age.

Methods: Data were derived from Birth (N = 3469) and Kinder (N = 3276) cohorts of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, followed from ages 2-3 and 4-5 years, respectively. Every two years, 25 potential obesity-relevant clinical indicators were quantified.

Modeling the cardiometabolic benefits of sleep in older women: exploring the 24-hour day.

Study Objectives: Activities throughout the day, including sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are independently associated with cardiometabolic health. Few studies have examined interrelationships between sleep and 24-hour activity and associations with cardiometabolic risk. The objective of this study is to understand how replacing time in SB, LIPA, or MVPA with sleep impacts cardiometabolic risk.

Successful optimization of antiretroviral regimens in treatment-experienced people living with HIV undergoing liver transplantation.

Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) extends life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). However, most older PLWH (≥50 years) "aged" with HIV and were exposed to historical HIV care practices and older, more toxic ART. In PLWH with exposure to older and multiple ART regimens, the drug interactions between ART frequently used in treatment-experienced persons and commonly used immunosuppressants remain a significant challenge.

Associations Between Neighborhood Recreation Environments and Adolescent Physical Activity.

Background: To examine relations between parents' perceived neighborhood recreation environments and multiple measures of adolescent physical activity (PA).

Methods: Participants (N = 928; age 14.1 [1.

Accelerometer-Measured Sleep Duration and Clinical Cardiovascular Risk Factor Scores in Older Women.

Background: Evidence suggests that short and long sleep durations are potential lifestyle factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Research on sleep duration and CVD risk is limited by use of self-report sleep measures, homogeneous populations, and studies on individual CVD risk factors. For women, risk of CVD and inadequate sleep duration increases with age.

Nutrition-related interventions targeting childhood overweight and obesity: A narrative review.

Systematic reviews of nutritional interventions indicate limited efficacy in reducing childhood obesity, but their blanket conclusions could obscure promising components. This narrative review sought more detail on effective components within nutrition-related interventions involving children aged 2 to 11 years. In May 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) searched the Cochrane Library and PubMed for relevant reviews.

Infant and young child feeding interventions targeting overweight and obesity: A narrative review.

findings from systematic reviews into infant feeding and later adiposity are largely negative. World Health Organization (WHO) is auspicing Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI), a suite of trials aiming to prevent overweight/obesity in childhood. To inform planning, this narrative review sought to detail potentially effective components of nutrition-related interventions involving children aged 0 to 2 years.

Dose-dependent association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with brain perfusion in aging.

Introduction: Age-related decreases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) may lead to cognitive decline, while physical activity (PA) can maintain CBF and cognition in aging. The intensity of PA needed to affect CBF in aging, and the independent effects of sedentary time on CBF are currently unknown. Moreover, research conducted in free-living environments with objective measures of PA (e.

A Model-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of an Exercise Program for Lung Cancer Survivors After Curative-Intent Treatment.

Objective: The cost-effectiveness of exercise interventions in lung cancer survivors is unknown. We performed a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of an exercise intervention in lung cancer survivors.

Design: We used Markov modeling to simulate the impact of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders exercise intervention compared with usual care for stage I-IIIA lung cancer survivors after curative-intent treatment.

Child and adult snack food intake in response to manipulated pre-packaged snack item quantity/variety and snack box size: a population-based randomized trial.

Objectives: Snacks contribute to overconsumption of energy-dense foods and thence obesity. Previous studies in this area are limited by self-reported data and small samples. In a large population-based cohort of parent-child dyads, we investigated how modification of pre-packaged snack food, i.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and therapeutic inhibitors.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human virus which infects almost all humans during their lifetime and following the acute phase, persists for the remainder of the life of the individual. EBV infects B lymphocytes leading to their immortalisation, with persistence of the EBV genome as an episome. In the latent phase, EBV is prevented from reactivating through efficient cytotoxic cellular immunity.

Associations between Neighborhood Open Space Features and Walking and Social Interaction in Older Adults-A Mixed Methods Study.

Neighborhood Open Spaces (NOS) such as public spaces around people's homes, parks and village greens, may support activity and socializing for older adults. These spaces might be especially important for older adults as they typically are less mobile and have smaller activity spaces and social networks than other age groups. The present exploratory sequential mixed methods study investigates the association between built environment features, social interaction, and walking within NOS, among older adults living in a low socio-economic neighborhood in Copenhagen.

Food choices: concordance in Australian children aged 11-12 years and their parents.

Objectives: Snack foods-typically high in salt, sugar, fat and/or energy-are likely important to the obesity epidemic. In the context of a population-based health assessment involving parent-child dyads at child age 11-12 years, we report cross-generational concordance in intake at a controlled snack food observation.

Design: Cross-sectional study (Child Health CheckPoint), nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.

Unique Views on Obesity-Related Behaviors and Environments: Research Using Still and Video Images.

Objectives: To document challenges to and benefits from research involving the use of images by capturing examples of such research to assess physical activity- or nutrition-related behaviors and/or environments.

Methods: Researchers (i.e.

Interaction Between Cyclosporine and Palbociclib in a Renal Transplant Patient: Case Report and Pharmacokinetic Perspective.

Solid organ transplant recipients have increased cancer risk due in part to chronic immunosuppression and opportunistic oncogenic viral infections. The management of drug interactions in transplant recipients being treated for cancer is important both to minimize the likelihood of drug-related toxicities and to optimize therapeutic outcomes. We present a case of a 41-year-old woman with a stable living-related kidney transplant maintained on an immunosuppressive regimen of cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone, who was subsequently diagnosed with a metastatic lobular breast carcinoma and papillary thyroid cancer and started palbociclib, a time-dependent CYP3A inhibitor.

Latent profile analysis of accelerometer-measured sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time and differences in health characteristics in adult women.

Objectives: Independently, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are related to the development and progression of chronic diseases. Less is known about how rest-activity behaviors cluster within individuals and how rest-activity behavior profiles relate to health. In this study we aimed to investigate if adult women cluster into profiles based on how they accumulate rest-activity behavior (including accelerometer-measured PA, SB, and sleep), and if participant characteristics and health outcomes differ by profile membership.

Very Unusual Sellar/Suprasellar Region Masses: A Review.

The cause of sellar region masses in large retrospective series is overwhelmingly pituitary adenomas (84.6%), followed by craniopharyngiomas (3.2%), cystic nonneoplastic lesions (2.

Associations of Infant Sleep Duration with Body Composition and Cardiovascular Health to Mid-Adolescence: The PEAS Kids Growth Study.

Short sleep duration in childhood has often been linked with obesity in later childhood or adolescence. However, whether infant sleep duration affects body composition trajectories and cardiovascular health through to mid-adolescence remains unknown. Participants were 336 adolescents from a community-based prospective birth cohort in Melbourne, Australia.

Eating disorder symptoms across the weight spectrum in Australian adolescents.

Objective: Despite known associations between eating disorders and obesity, little is known about the current prevalence of symptoms of eating disorders across the weight spectrum. This study therefore aimed to estimate the population prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in relation to weight status in adolescents.

Method: The sample comprised 3,270 participants (14-15 years; 52% boys) drawn from Wave 6 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.

A comparison of accelerometry analysis methods for physical activity in older adult women and associations with health outcomes over time.

This study compared five different methods for analyzing accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) in older adults and assessed the relationship between changes in PA and changes in physical function and depressive symptoms for each method. Older adult females (N = 144, M = 83.3 ± 6.

Changes in Moderate Intensity Physical Activity Are Associated With Better Cognition in the Multilevel Intervention for Physical Activity in Retirement Communities (MIPARC) Study.

Objective: The authors investigated if the physical activity increases observed in the Multilevel Intervention for Physical Activity in Retirement Communities (MIPARC) improved cognitive functions in older adults. The authors also examined if within-person changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), as opposed to low-light and high-light physical activity, were related to cognitive improvements in the entire sample.

Methods: This was a cluster randomized control trial set in retirement communities in San Diego County, CA.

A low cost, portable NMR probe for high pressure, MR relaxometry.

A low cost, portable, high volume, stainless steel pressure reactor is modified to easily perform magnetic resonance relaxometry at industrially relevant pressures. Unlike existing pressurization strategies common to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, this approach is amenable to realistic samples that feature heterogeneity and have traditionally escaped NMR study at pressure. This pressure reactor/NMR probe combination is easily accommodated by most single-sided and other low magnetic field permanent magnet assemblies.