Hypertension in Pregnancy: Unanswered Questions.

Background: Hypertension of pregnancy [office blood pressure (BP) levels≥140/90 mmHg] is fairly common and can affect up to 10% of pregnant women worldwide. Hypertension of pregnancy is an important risk factor for the mother and carries increased morbidity and mortality for the fetus. Women with hypertension of pregnancy have a high-risk for future cardiovascular and renal events.

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Essential and Resistant Hypertension.

Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are a second-line class of antihypertensive drugs, which have been accounted for as the optimal add-on therapy in the triple algorithm for the management of resistant hypertension.

Objectives: To assess the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension and resistant hypertension.

Method: We conducted a meticulous review of the literature and comprehensive identification of the clinical trials assessing the efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in individuals with primary and resistant hypertension.

Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Nephroprotective Impact on Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a crucial microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus that is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. SGLT-2 inhibitors are a new class of hypoglycemic drugs that positively affect several risk factors of cardiorenal damage.

Objectives: The study aimed to review and critically discuss available data on the association of SGLT-2 inhibitors treatment with kidney function, progress of diabetic kidney disease, and renal related outcomes, as well to unveil potential mechanisms of action that mediate such effects.

Current and Potential Future Pharmacological Approaches for Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a large proportion of the general population. The disease ranges from simple steatosis, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Several drugs are used in daily clinical practice to manage the disease.