Positive impact of cladribine tablets on reducing brain atrophy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study.

Background: Measuring brain volume changes over time is an objective and dependable surrogate marker for the pathological processes that damage the brain in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). These measures are particularly valuable for monitoring the long-term impact of immunomodulatory treatments such as cladribine.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term impact of oral cladribine treatment on brain volume loss in patients with RRMS.

Antidepressant-related microstructural changes in the external capsule.

Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported that antidepressant medications are strongly linked to brain microstructural alterations. Notably, external capsule alterations have been reported to be a biological marker for therapeutic response. However, prior studies did not investigate whether a change in the neurite density or directional coherence of white matter (WM) fibers underlies the observed microstructural alterations.

Mapping brain volume change across time in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Detection and prediction of the rate of brain volume loss with age is a significant unmet need in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). In this study we construct detailed brain volume maps for PPMS patients. These maps compare age-related changes in both cortical and sub-cortical regions with those in healthy individuals.

MR Imaging Characteristics and ADC Histogram Metrics for Differentiating Molecular Subgroups of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas.

Background And Purpose: and type 1 neurofibromatosis status are distinctive features in pediatric low-grade gliomas with prognostic and therapeutic implications. We hypothesized that DWI metrics obtained through volumetric ADC histogram analyses of pediatric low-grade gliomas at baseline would enable early detection of and type 1 neurofibromatosis status.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 40 pediatric patients with histologically proved pilocytic astrocytoma ( = 33), ganglioglioma ( = 4), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma ( = 2), and diffuse astrocytoma grade 2 ( = 1).

A deep-learning method for the denoising of ultra-low dose chest CT in coronary artery calcium score evaluation.

Aim: To evaluate a novel deep-learning denoising method for ultra-low dose CT (ULDCT) in the assessment of coronary artery calcium score (CACS).

Materials And Methods: Sixty adult patients who underwent two unenhanced chest CT examinations, a normal dose CT (NDCT) and an ULDCT, were enrolled prospectively between September 2017 to December 201. A special training set was created to learn the characteristics of the real noise affecting the ULDCT implementing a fully convolutional neural network with batch normalisation.

Ultra-Low Dose Chest CT with Denoising for Lung Nodule Detection.

Background: Medical imaging and the resultant ionizing radiation exposure is a public concern due to the possible risk of cancer induction.

Objectives: To assess the accuracy of ultra-low-dose (ULD) chest computed tomography (CT) with denoising versus normal dose (ND) chest CT using the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS).

Methods: This prospective single-arm study comprised 52 patients who underwent both ND and ULD scans.

Automated processing of thermal imaging to detect COVID-19.

Rapid and sensitive screening tools for SARS-CoV-2 infection are essential to limit the spread of COVID-19 and to properly allocate national resources. Here, we developed a new point-of-care, non-contact thermal imaging tool to detect COVID-19, based on advanced image processing algorithms. We captured thermal images of the backs of individuals with and without COVID-19 using a portable thermal camera that connects directly to smartphones.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Chest Radiographs for COVID-19 at Presentation.

Introduction: Pulmonary opacities in COVID-19 increase throughout the illness and peak after ten days. The radiological literature mainly focuses on CT findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of chest radiographs (CXR) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at presentation.

Neuroimaging Findings in Children with Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency is a hereditary childhood cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by brain tumors and colorectal and hematologic malignancies. Our objective was to describe the neuroimaging findings in patients with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 14 children with genetically confirmed constitutional mismatch repair deficiency who were referred to 2 tertiary pediatric oncology centers.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Follow-up of Treated Thymic Epithelial Malignancies.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depiction of thymic malignancy progression/recurrence with that of computed tomography (CT).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all surgically treated thymic epithelial malignancy (TEM) patients between 2011 and 2018 who were followed-up with chest CT and MRI. We compared the detection of recurrence and metastatic disease between the CT and MRI scans in each of these patients.

Gastric Banding: Complications Identified by CT.

Purpose: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) used to be a common procedure at the turn of the century and is still frequently encountered on CT scans in common clinical practice. Our aim is to present the frequency and spectrum of complication associated with LAGB, as observed in CT.

Materials And Methods: After approval of our institutional review board, a retrospective search for LAGB in CT interpretations using the term "band" between December 2011 and April 2017 was conducted.

CT imaging features of symptomatic and asymptomatic floating aortic thrombus.

Aim: To present the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of floating aortic thrombus with emphasis on clinical and radiographic predictors for systemic shower emboli.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective computerised search for patients with protruding thoracic aortic thrombus on CT was conducted. Clinical and demographic characteristics were retrieved from medical files.

Evaluation of Miniature Dynamic Light Scattering Technology for the Assessment of Hemodynamic Status During Graded Hemorrhage and Retransfusion in Pigs.

Background: Hemorrhagic shock with occult hypoperfusion is a key challenge to prehospital staff during triage and transfer of patients, especially during mass casualty incidents. Recent advances in Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and miniaturization of this technology, has resulted in noninvasive sensors capable of continuously monitoring tissue perfusion. This study evaluated the ability of miniature DLS (mDLS) sensors to assess hemodynamic status in a porcine model of hemorrhage.