Model of driver overacceleration causing breakdown in vehicular traffic.

We introduce a mathematical approach for the description of driver overacceleration in a microscopic traffic flow model. The model, in which no driver overreaction occurs, explains the empirical nucleation nature of traffic breakdown.

Physics of automated-driving vehicular traffic.

We have found that phase transitions occurring between three traffic phases [free flow (F), synchronized flow (S), and wide moving jam (J)] determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of traffic consisting of 100% automated-driving vehicles moving on a two-lane road with an on-ramp bottleneck. This means that three-phase traffic theory is a common framework for the description of traffic states independent of whether human-driving or automated-driving vehicles move in vehicular traffic. To prove this, we have studied automated-driving vehicular traffic with the use of classical Helly's model [Proceedings of the Symposium on Theory of Traffic Flow (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1959), pp.

Statistical physics of the development of Kerner's synchronized-to-free-flow instability at a moving bottleneck in vehicular traffic.

With the use of simulations of a stochastic microscopic traffic model in the framework of the three-phase traffic theory, we have revealed the statistical physics of a traffic flow instability with respect to a transition from synchronized flow (S) to free flow (F) (Kerner's S→F instability) at a moving bottleneck (MB) occurring through a slow-moving vehicle in vehicular traffic. We have found that the S→F instability can occur at the MB more frequently than at an on-ramp bottleneck. From a comparison of the occurrence of the S→F instability at the MB and on-ramp bottleneck at the same probability of traffic breakdown and the same flow rate it has been found that, whereas the frequency of the S→F instability at the on-ramp bottleneck barely changes, the larger the velocity of the MB, the more frequently the S→F instability occurs at the MB.

Physics of microscopic vehicular traffic prediction for automated driving.

With the use of microscopic traffic simulations, physical features of microscopic traffic prediction for automated driving that should improve traffic harmonization and safety have been found: During a short-time prediction horizon (about 10 s), online prediction of the locations and speeds of all vehicles in some limited area around the automated-driving vehicle is possible; this enables the automated vehicle control in complex traffic situations in which the automated-driving vehicle is not able to make a decision based on current traffic information without the use of the microscopic traffic prediction. Through a more detailed analysis of an unsignalized city intersection, when the automated vehicle wants to turn right from a secondary road onto the priority road, the statistical physics of the effect of a data uncertainty caused by errors in data measurements on the prediction reliability has been studied: (i) probability of the prediction reliability has been found; (ii) there is a critical uncertainty, i.e.

Fostering gender equality and reproductive and sexual health among adolescents: results from a quasi-experimental study in Northern Uganda.

Objective: To assess the impact of the Gender Roles, Equality and Transformations (GREAT) intervention: a narrative-based, resource-light, life-stage tailored intervention package designed to promote gender-equitable attitudes and behaviours, and improve sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and gender-based violence (GBV) outcomes among adolescents and their communities.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional evaluation study, using propensity score matching combined with difference-in-difference estimation.

Setting: Two postconflict communities in Lira and Amuru districts in Northern Uganda.

Trends in the utilization of a peer-supported youth hotline.

Background: Peer-supported youth hotlines have been in operation for many years but studies on the acceptance of this hotline model or on the demographics of the callers are lacking. This study was performed to examine the utilization of a metropolitan peer-supported youth hotline between 2010 and 2016.

Method: The change in demographics, contact channels, and the reasons for contact were analyzed with standard linear regression analysis in 67,478 contacts over 7 years.

Erratum: Statistical physics of synchronized traffic flow: Spatiotemporal competition between S→F and S→J instabilities [Phys. Rev. E 100, 012303 (2019)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.100.

Diabetes mellitus risk for 102 drugs and drug combinations used in patients with bipolar disorder.

Objective: To compare the largest set of bipolar disorder pharmacotherapies to date (102 drugs and drug combinations) for risk of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: The IBM MarketScan® database was used to retrospectively analyze data on 565,253 adults with bipolar disorder without prior glucose metabolism-related diagnoses. The pharmacotherapies compared were lithium, mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and antidepressants (monotherapy and multi-class polypharmacy).

Imputation and characterization of uncoded self-harm in major mental illness using machine learning.

Objective: We aimed to impute uncoded self-harm in administrative claims data of individuals with major mental illness (MMI), characterize self-harm incidence, and identify factors associated with coding bias.

Materials And Methods: The IBM MarketScan database (2003-2016) was used to analyze visit-level self-harm in 10 120 030 patients with ≥2 MMI codes. Five machine learning (ML) classifiers were tested on a balanced data subset, with XGBoost selected for the full dataset.

Statistical physics of synchronized traffic flow: Spatiotemporal competition between S→F and S→J instabilities.

We have revealed statistical physics of synchronized traffic flow that is governed by a spatiotemporal competition between S→F and S→J instabilities (where F, S, and J denote, respectively, the free flow, synchronized flow, and wide moving jam traffic phases). A probabilistic analysis of synchronized flow based on simulations of a cellular automaton model in the framework of three-phase traffic theory is made. This probabilistic analysis shows that there is a finite range of the initial space gap between vehicles in synchronized flow within which during a chosen time for traffic observation either synchronized flow persists with probability P_{S}, or an S→F transition occurs with probability P_{SF}, or else an S→J transition occurs with probability P_{SJ}.

Developing Core Capabilities for Local Health Departments to Engage in Land Use and Transportation Decision Making for Active Transportation.

Objective: To develop a core set of capabilities and tasks for local health departments (LHDs) to engage in land use and transportation policy processes that promote active transportation.

Design: We conducted a 3-phase modified Delphi study from 2015 to 2017.

Setting: We recruited a multidisciplinary national expert panel for key informant interviews by telephone and completion of a 2-step online validation process.

Preferences of Information Dissemination on Treatment for Bipolar Disorder: Patient-Centered Focus Group Study.

Background: Patient education has taken center stage in successfully shared decision making between patients and health care providers. However, little is known about how patients with bipolar disorder typically obtain information on their illness and the treatment options available to them.

Objective: This study aimed to obtain the perspectives of patients with bipolar disorder and their family members on the preferred and most effectively used information channels on bipolar disorder and the available treatment options.

Comparison of 71 bipolar disorder pharmacotherapies for kidney disorder risk: The potential hazards of polypharmacy.

Background: This study compared the largest set of bipolar disorder pharmacotherapies to date (71 drugs and drug combinations) for risk of kidney disorders (KDs).

Methods: This retrospective observational study used the IBM MarketScan® database to analyze data on 591,052 adults with bipolar disorder without prior nephropathy, for onset of KDs (of "moderate" or "high" severity) following psychopharmacotherapy (lithium, mood stabilizing anticonvulsants [MSAs], antipsychotics, antidepressants), or "No drug". Cox regression models included fixed pre-treatment covariates and time-varying drug exposure covariates to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of each treatment versus "No drug".

Scaling-up Normative Change Interventions for Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health: An Examination of the Evidence.

Adolescent and youth reproductive health (AYRH) outcomes are influenced by factors beyond individual control. Increasingly, interventions are seeking to influence community-level normative change to support healthy AYRH behaviors. While evidence is growing of the effectiveness of AYRH interventions that include normative change components, understanding on how to achieve scale-up and wider impact of these programs remains limited.

Quadricuspid aortic valve associated with aortic insufficiency contributors.

A 51-year-old male presented with a wound in his right hand that was suspicious for possible septic emboli of cardiac origin. With transesophageal echocardiography, the patient was found to have a rare quadricuspid aortic valve. This quadricuspid valve can present with variable symptoms and physical exam findings.

Comprehensive comparison of monotherapies for psychiatric hospitalization risk in bipolar disorders.

Objectives: This study compared 29 drugs for risk of psychiatric hospitalization in bipolar disorders, addressing the evidence gap on the >50 drugs used by US patients for treatment.

Methods: The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan database was used to identify 190 894 individuals with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder who filled a prescription for one of 29 drugs of interest: lithium, first- or second-generation antipsychotics, mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants, and antidepressants. Competing risks regression survival analysis was used to compare drugs for risk of psychiatric hospitalization, adjusting for patient age, sex, comorbidities, and pretreatment medications.

Processing gender: lived experiences of reproducing and transforming gender norms over the life course of young people in Northern Uganda.

The years between 10-19 represent a critical stage of human development during which boys and girls learn and embody socially constructed gender norms, with long-term implications for their sexual and reproductive health. This ethnographic cohort study sought to understand how gendered norms and practices develop during the transition from child to young adult in post-conflict northern Uganda. A total of 60 girls and boys aged 10-19 were selected using purposive sampling for in-depth interviews over a three-year period; 47 individuals completed all four interviews.