Willingness of Pharmacists to Prescribe Medication Abortion in California.

Importance: Nearly half of US states have restricted abortion access. Policy makers are exploring pathways to increase access to abortion and reproductive health care more broadly. Since 2016, California pharmacists could prescribe hormonal birth control, providing an opportunity to learn about the implementation of pharmacist-provided reproductive health care.

Sexual orientation, gender expression and socioeconomic status in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a fundamental contributor to health, yet it is rarely examined relative to gender expression, particularly gender non-conformity and sexual orientation.

Methods: We use data from 11 242 Wave V respondents (aged 33-44) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (2016-2018) to examine associations between socially assigned gender expression, sexual orientation and SES, in logistic and multinomial regression models stratified by sex assigned at birth.

Results: Among both women and men a general pattern of heightened risk for lower SES among gender non-conforming sexual minorities relative to gender conforming heterosexuals was observed.

Perspectives on Sexual Health, Sexual Health Education, and HIV Prevention From Adolescent (13-18 Years) Sexual Minority Males.

Introduction: Adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) are at disproportionate risk of HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to assess ASMM's attitudes about sexual health, barriers/facilitators to accessing HIV prevention, and actual versus ideal interactions for receiving sexual health care and information.

Method: Two online and two in-person focus groups were conducted with ASMM from across the United States.

Metabolic Syndrome and Economic Strain Among Sexual Minority Young Adults.

Purpose: The study tested if sexual orientation is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young adulthood (ages 24-32), and if economic strain impacts associations.

Methods: Gender-stratified logistic regressions were fit among 11,575 young adults (1644 sexual minority [SM]) in Wave IV of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Results: MetS was not associated with sexual orientation for either gender, yet economic strain was more prevalent among both SM males and females.

Sexual orientation and sex differences in socioeconomic status: a population-based investigation in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a fundamental contributor to health; however, limited research has examined sexual orientation differences in SES.

Methods: 2008-2009 data from 14 051 participants (ages 24-32 years) in the US-based, representative, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were analysed using multivariable regressions that adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, childhood SES, urbanicity and Census region, separately for females and males. Modification by racial minority status (black or Latino vs white, non-Hispanic) was also explored.

Gender Expression, Violence, and Bullying Victimization: Findings From Probability Samples of High School Students in 4 US School Districts.

Background: Young people may experience school-based violence and bullying victimization related to their gender expression, independent of sexual orientation identity. However, the associations between gender expression and bullying and violence have not been examined in racially and ethnically diverse population-based samples of high school students.

Methods: This study includes 5469 students (13-18 years) from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted in 4 urban school districts.

Does comparing alcohol use along a single dimension obscure within-group differences? Investigating men's hazardous drinking by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity.

Background: Some studies have found that gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher odds of alcohol abuse and dependence than heterosexual men, but others have found no differences. We investigated whether the association between sexual orientation and hazardous drinking varied by race/ethnicity.

Methods: We estimated the odds of past-year heavy daily, heavy weekly, and binge drinking by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity among non-Latino White, non-Latino Black, and Latino (any race) men (n = 9689) who reported current alcohol use in the 2004-2005 National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).

Monitoring the health of transgender and other gender minority populations: validity of natal sex and gender identity survey items in a U.S. national cohort of young adults.

Background: A barrier to monitoring the health of gender minority (transgender) populations is the lack of brief, validated tools with which to identify participants in surveillance systems.

Methods: We used the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), a prospective cohort study of U.S.

Sex and gender in the US health surveillance system: a call to action.

Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data have exposed significant sexual orientation disparities in health. Interest in examining the health of transgender youths, whose gender identities or expressions are not fully congruent with their assigned sex at birth, highlights limitations of the YRBS and the broader US health surveillance system. In 2009, we conducted the mixed-methods Massachusetts Gender Measures Project to develop and cognitively test measures for adolescent health surveillance surveys.

Disproportionate exposure to early-life adversity and sexual orientation disparities in psychiatric morbidity.

Objectives: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations exhibit elevated rates of psychiatric disorders compared to heterosexuals, and these disparities emerge early in the life course. We examined the role of exposure to early-life victimization and adversity-including physical and sexual abuse, homelessness, and intimate partner violence-in explaining sexual orientation disparities in mental health among adolescents and young adults.

Methods: Data were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Wave 3 (2001-2002), a nationally representative survey of adolescents.

Transgender health in Massachusetts: results from a household probability sample of adults.

Despite higher rates of unemployment and poverty among transgender adults (n = 131; 0.5% weighted) than among nontransgender adults (n = 28,045) in our population-based Massachusetts household sample, few health differences were observed between transgender and nontransgender adults. Transgender adults who are stably housed and participated in a telephone health survey may represent the healthiest segment of the transgender population.

Sexual orientation differences in asthma correlates in a population-based sample of adults.

To understand what conditions may correlate with asthma diagnoses in the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population, we used Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to construct multivariable logistic regression models separately for LGB individuals and heterosexuals. Current or former smoking and obesity were positively associated with history of an asthma diagnosis among both LGB individuals and heterosexuals. Being underweight (negative correlation) and overweight and reporting frequent symptoms of depression in the preceding 30 days also predicted a history of asthma diagnosis among heterosexuals.

Adulthood stressors, history of childhood adversity, and risk of perpetration of intimate partner violence.

Background: More than half a million U.S. women and more than 100,000 men are treated for injuries from intimate partner violence (IPV) annually, making IPV perpetration a major public health problem.

A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health.

Objectives: We provide estimates of several leading US adult health indicators by sexual orientation identity and gender to fill gaps in the current literature.

Methods: We aggregated data from the 2001-2008 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance surveys (N = 67,359) to examine patterns in self-reported health by sexual orientation identity and gender, using multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Compared with heterosexuals, sexual minorities (i.

A longitudinal study of maternal depression and child maltreatment in a national sample of families investigated by child protective services.

Objective: To assess whether a change in depression predicts a mother's change in maltreatment.

Design: Observational, repeated measures study.

Setting: National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being, 1999 to 2004.

"Everyone has a right to, like, check their box:" findings on a measure of gender identity from a cognitive testing study with adolescents.

Efforts to monitor the health of transgender youth, a small but high-risk population, are hindered by a lack of knowledge about how to accurately measure gender identity. Adolescents (n = 30) participated in semistructured qualitative interviews after completing a close-ended transgender-inclusive measure of gender. Interviews explored item comprehension and respondent burden.

HIV prevention community planning: challenges and opportunities for data-informed decision-making.

The use of data in decision-making by the Massachusetts Prevention Planning Group (MPPG) was assessed using multiple methods: in-depth interviews, member surveys, directed observations, and archival review. Three factors known to influence group decision-making were of interest: (1) member characteristics, (2) group structure, and (3) data inputs. Membership characteristics were not related to reliance on data.