Assessment of Research Ethics Knowledge of Pediatricians.

To assess knowledge of ethics knowledge among child healthcare professionals. We translated the Test of Residents' Ethics Knowledge for Pediatrics (TREK-P) in Azeri and administered it to: (i) third-year medical students (n = 21), (ii) pediatrics residents (n = 24), (iii) practicing pediatricians (n = 21), and (iv) fellows (n = 9) who participated in a Fogarty International Center/National Institute of Health (Fogarty/NIH) R25 research ethics education program. The difference in the TREK-P score between the groups and the correlation between the TREK-P score and other factors were evaluated.

Evaluating the Decisional Capacity for Informed Consent of Transition age Children to Adolescents in Human Subject Research.

This study aimed to evaluate children's capacity for informed consent. We translated into Azerbaijani language and adapted the University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent (UBACC). We enrolled four healthy groups: children aged 11, 12, and 13 years and adults.

The effect of school-entry age on health is understudied in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review and future directions for research.

Background: Substantive literature has assessed the impact of starting school at younger ages relative to peers on health in high-income countries (HICs), but there is little evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusions drawn from HICs may not apply to different education contexts and health threats. This study maps the empirical evidence on the effect of school-entry age on health in LMICs and identifies directions for future research.

Adaptive behaviors and related factors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Report from ELENA cohort.

There are strong individual differences in adaptive behaviors (AB) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with conflicting results in literature about specific patterns and related factors. The present study aims to describe AB and identify related factors in terms of clinical and socio-familial characteristics in 875 children and adolescents with ASD in the multiregional ELENA cohort in France. Results showed that AB in children and adolescents with ASD were lower than in typically developing subjects, regardless of age group.

Feasibility of a school-based mental health program implementation to improve the status of depression and quality of life of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in urban Bangladesh: MENTHOL study.

Background: We assessed the feasibility of implementing psychological counseling services (PCS) for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) integrated within special education settings in urban Bangladesh.

Method: In two special education schools for ASD in Dhaka City, trained female psychologists screened mothers using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). PCS was administered to all the mothers irrespective of a diagnosis of depression.

Screen time and associated risks in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders during a discrete COVID-19 lockdown period.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may affect the screen time of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study aimed to examine the screen time of children and adolescents with ASD during a discrete lockdown period in France and identify risk factors for excessive screen time.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 249 ASD subjects, 3-17 years of age, enrolled in the ELENA cohort.

Geographical variations in the prevalence of traditional and cyberbullying and its additive role in psychological and somatic health complaints among adolescents in 38 European countries.

Objectives: To explore geographical variations in the prevalence of traditional and cyberbullying and their individual and additive role on psychological and somatic health issues of adolescents.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 188,003 adolescents (50.9% females; mean age 13.

Variation in the prevalence of different forms of bullying victimisation among adolescents and their associations with family, peer and school connectedness: a population-based study in 40 lower and middle income to high-income countries (LMIC-HICs).

Unlabelled: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different forms of bullying victimization experiences and their association with family functioning, peer relationships and school connectedness among adolescents across 40 lower and middle income to high-income countries (LMIC-HICs). Data were drawn from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) school-based survey of adolescents aged 11-15 years, between 2013 and 2014. We estimated the weighted prevalence by categorising experiences into traditional bullying victimization only, cyberbullying victimization only, and combined traditional and cyberbullying victimization, at country and country income classification.

Population-Based Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.

Unlabelled: Psychiatric comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a subject of critical scientific importance, affecting the quality of life, prognosis, and functional outcomes. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders vary considerably according to variables such as index subject characteristics, study setting, sampling frame, diagnostic methods used, as well as country of geographic origin. To date, most studies comprise clinical or treatment referral samples in tertiary care or subjects enrolled in clinical trials and genetic cohort collections.

Social network-based ethical analysis of COVID-19 vaccine supply policy in three Central Asian countries.

Background: In the pandemic time, many low- and middle-income countries are experiencing restricted access to COVID-19 vaccines. Access to imported vaccines or ways to produce them locally became the principal source of hope for these countries. But developing a strategy for success in obtaining and allocating vaccines was not easy task.

Brief report: Validity and reliability of the Nigerian Autism Screening Questionnaire.

Early intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is dependent on reliable methods for early detection. Screening for ASD symptoms is an important strategy in low- and middle-income countries that often lack adequate service infrastructure. This study aims to conduct preliminary evaluation of the psychometric properties of a tool developed and deployed in Nigeria called the Nigerian Autism Screening Questionnaire (NASQ).

Anxiety and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder during the first COVID-19 lockdown: Report from the ELENA cohort.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic had a strong impact on mental health in the general population. This study conducted during the first lockdown in France considered parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) prospectively followed in the ELENA Cohort.

Objectives: We aimed to (1) compare the Anxiety and Depression (AaD) levels during the lockdown between mothers and fathers, (2) compare the parent's AaD between the lockdown and the last ELENA follow-up visit, and (3) identify risk factors for parental AaD during lockdown among socio-demographic and children's clinical characteristics.

Setting priorities for people with intellectual disability/intellectual developmental disorders across the lifespan: a call to action by the World Psychiatric Association.

People with DSM-5 intellectual disability/intellectual developmental disorder (ID/IDD) or ICD-11 disorders of intellectual development (DID) have multiple healthcare needs, but in many countries these needs are neither recognised nor managed effectively. This paper discusses the negative impact that stigma, discrimination and social exclusion have on the identification and care of persons with ID/IDD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It also reviews different models of care for children, adolescents and adults.

Social network-based ethical analysis of COVID-19 vaccine supply policy in three Central Asian countries.

Background In the pandemic time, many low- and middle-income countries are experiencing restricted access to COVID-19 vaccines. An access to imported vaccines or ways to produce them locally becomes the principal source of hope. But developing a strategy for success in obtaining and allocating vaccines is not easy task.

Attachment Style Predicts Cortical Activity in Temporoparietal Junction (TPJ): An fNIRS Study Using a Theory of Mind (ToM) Task in Healthy University Students.

Results of the behavioral studies suggest that attachment styles may have an enduring effect upon theory of mind (ToM). However biological underpinnings of this relationship are unclear. Here, we compared securely and insecurely attached first grade university students ( = 56) in terms of cortical activity measured by 52 channel Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the Reading the Mind from the Eyes Test (RMET).

Cortical activity measured by functional near infrared spectroscopy during a theory of mind task in subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy controls.

Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits interfere in social cognitive functioning in schizophrenia (SCZ) and are increasingly recognized to do so in bipolar disorder (BD), however their clinical and neurobiological correlates remain unclear. This study represents the first direct comparison of subjects with SCZ (N = 26), BD (N = 26) and healthy controls (N = 33) in cortical activity during the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET) using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) with the control condition (CC) involving gender identification via the same stimuli. The three groups were compared with a comprehensive ToM battery and assessed in terms of the relationship of ToM performance with clinical symptoms, insight and functioning.