Publications by authors named "Keri Baum"
Background: Use of anti-carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (anti-CRE) agents such as ceftazidime/avibactam has been associated with improved clinical outcome in cohorts that primarily include patients infected with CRE that are resistant to meropenem (MCRE).
Objectives: To clarify whether patients with CRE resistant to ertapenem but susceptible to meropenem (ertapenem-only-resistant Enterobacterales; EORE) benefit from therapy with anti-CRE agents.
Methods: Patients treated for CRE infection in hospitals in the USA between 2016 and 2019 and enrolled in the CRACKLE-2 study were included.
Background: Equitable representation of members from historically marginalized groups is important in clinical trials, which inform standards of care. The goal of this study was to characterize the demographics and proportional subgroup reporting and representation of participants enrolled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antibacterials used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Methods: We examined randomized controlled registrational and strategy trials published from 2000 to 2021 to determine the sex, race, and ethnicity of participants.
Article Synopsis
- * Results showed that 89% of the strains were susceptible to SUL-DUR, while 97% were susceptible when SUL-DUR was combined with imipenem, indicating strong effectiveness.
- * Certain amino acid changes in penicillin-binding protein 3 were linked to resistance against SUL-DUR, particularly the mutations A515V and T526S.
Addressing the treatment and prevention of antibacterial-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections is a priority area of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG). The ARLG has conducted a series of observational studies to define the clinical and molecular global epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant and ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, with the goal of optimizing the design and execution of interventional studies. One ongoing ARLG study aims to better understand the impact of fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative gut bacteria in neutropenic patients, which threatens to undermine the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in these vulnerable patients.
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- Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) is a major concern in antimicrobial resistance, with a study conducted on 842 hospitalized patients from 46 hospitals across five regions to assess its clinical impact and epidemiology between 2017 and 2019.
- The study found that 64% of the cases were infections, with a 30-day mortality rate of 24% among infected patients, highlighting notable regional differences in mortality rates.
- Additionally, both bloodstream infections and higher comorbidity were linked to increased mortality, while the dominant clonal group (CG2) was prevalent but non-CG2 strains resulted in higher death rates despite lower resistance to treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CP-Ec) pose a significant global health threat, and this study analyzed the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with CP-Ec from 26 hospitals in 6 different countries.
- Out of 114 CP-Ec isolates studied, 49 contained metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), predominantly found in China, with MBL-Ec generally showing less severe illness compared to non-MBL counterparts.
- The study found that non-MBL-Ec had a significantly higher mortality rate at both 30 and 90 days, and differences in clinical outcomes were noted based on geographic regions.
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) is a global threat, but the distribution and clinical significance of carbapenemases are unclear. The aim of this study was to define characteristics and outcomes of CRPA infections and the global frequency and clinical impact of carbapenemases harboured by CRPA.
Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective cohort study of CRPA isolated from bloodstream, respiratory, urine, or wound cultures of patients at 44 hospitals (10 countries) between Dec 1, 2018, and Nov 30, 2019.
Article Synopsis
- Ceftriaxone-resistant bloodstream infections (CRO-R BSIs) are increasingly common and associated with worse patient outcomes compared to ceftriaxone-susceptible (CRO-S) infections, as observed in a study involving 14 U.S. hospitals.
- The study analyzed outcomes from November 2020 to April 2021, focusing on differences in clinical indicators such as time to treatment and severity scores between CRO-R and CRO-S patients, using advanced statistical methods to ensure reliable results.
- While initial findings showed a 58% higher probability of worse outcomes in CRO-R patients, subsequent adjustments accounted for confounding factors and indicated similar issues in both groups, but patients with CRO-R still had longer hospital stays and a
Article Synopsis
- Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a major global health threat, prompting a study to analyze its bacterial traits and patient outcomes across various countries.
- The CRACKLE-2 study recruited 991 hospitalized patients from 71 hospitals in countries like the USA, China, and Argentina, focusing on cultures positive for CRKP and measuring clinical outcomes, including 30-day mortality rates.
- Results showed that patients from the USA were generally sicker and had more pre-existing health issues compared to those from China and South America, with minimal genetic variation in CRKP observed within countries.