RNF8 enhances the sensitivity of PD-L1 inhibitor against melanoma through ubiquitination of galectin-3 in stroma.

The failure of melanoma immunotherapy can be mediated by immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and insufficient activation of effector T cells against the tumor. Here, we show that inhibition of galectin-3 (gal-3) enhances the infiltration of T cells in TME and improves the sensitivity of anti-PD-L1 therapy. We identify that RNF8 downregulated the expression of gal-3 by K48-polyubiquitination and promoted gal-3 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Accumulation of polystyrene microplastics induces liver fibrosis by activating cGAS/STING pathway.

The environmental pollution from microplastics has caused concern from the whole society due to its harm to organisms. However, the effect of microplastics on liver damage and fibrosis remains unclear in the case of long-term accumulation. The present study demonstrated that the 0.