Patients with a negative cystoscopy and negative Nmp22® Bladderchek® test are at low risk of missed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective evaluation.

Objectives: Urine based tumor markers have uncertain utility in diagnosis or surveillance of patients with bladder cancer while cytology is commonly used. We evaluated whether cytology provides additional diagnostic information in patients with a negative NMP22® BladderChek® test (BladderChek) and negative cystoscopy.

Materials And Methods: We performed subset analyses of 2 large prospective multi-center databases evaluating BladderChek for UCB detection and surveillance.

Quantitation of Aurora kinase A gene copy number in urine sediments and bladder cancer detection.

Background: Chromosome missegregation and the resulting aneuploidy is a common change in neoplasia. The Aurora kinase A (AURKA) gene, which encodes a key regulator of mitosis, is frequently amplified and/or overexpressed in cancer cells, and the level of AURKA amplification is associated with the level of aneuploidy. We examined whether AURKA gene amplification is a biomarker for the detection of bladder cancer.

P16 as a molecular biomarker of cervical adenocarcinoma.

Objective: Cervical adenocarcinomas are increasing in incidence each year. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular biomarker to improve early detection.

Study Design: Fifty-five in situ and invasive cervical adenocarcinomas were compared with 5 normal endocervical controls by immunohistochemical analysis of p16, p21, p27, cyclin D1, cyclin E, p53, and Ki-67.

Methylation profiles of sporadic ovarian tumors and nonmalignant ovaries from high-risk women.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the DNA methylation profiles of primary sporadic ovarian cancers and ovarian tissues from high-risk women.

Experimental Design: We analyzed the DNA methylation status of nine cancer-related genes in 49 primary ovarian tumors, 39 nonmalignant ovarian tissues obtained from 16 women with no known risk and from 23 high-risk women with a strong family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer or BRCA1 germ-line mutations, and 11 ovarian cancer cell lines, by methylation-specific PCR.

Results: Our findings are as follows: (a) methylation rates of four of nine genes, RASSF1A (41%), HIC1 (35%), E-cadherin (29%), and APC (18%) were significantly higher in tumors compared with controls.