Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pediatric study protocol: Rationale, objectives and design.

Importance: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or "Long COVID") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults.

Observations: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative.

Decision making in anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery.

Introduction: There are many uncertainties surrounding anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) including the pathophysiology of sudden cardiac death, how to best risk stratify patients, how to best evaluate patients, who would benefit from exercise restriction, who should undergo surgical intervention, and which operation to perform.

Areas Covered: The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive but succinct overview of AAOCA to help clinicians with the difficult task of navigating optimal evaluation and treatment of an individual patient with AAOCA.

Expert Opinion: Beginning in year 2012, some of our authors proposed an integrated, multi-disciplinary working group which has become the standard management strategy for patients diagnosed with AAOCA.

Examination of Adverse Reactions After COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients With a History of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Importance: Data are limited regarding adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with a history of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The lack of vaccine safety data in this unique population may cause hesitancy and concern for many families and health care professionals.

Objective: To describe adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with a history of MIS-C.

Accuracy of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosing Pediatric Cardiac Masses: A Multicenter Study.

Background: After diagnosis of a cardiac mass, clinicians must weigh the benefits and risks of ascertaining a tissue diagnosis. Limited data are available on the accuracy of previously developed noninvasive pediatric cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-based diagnostic criteria.

Objectives: The goals of this study were to: 1) evaluate the CMR characteristics of pediatric cardiac masses from a large international cohort; 2) test the accuracy of previously developed CMR-based diagnostic criteria; and 3) expand diagnostic criteria using new information.

Biomechanical Modeling to Inform Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Tetralogy of Fallot Patients After Complete Repair.

Background: A biomechanical model of the heart can be used to incorporate multiple data sources (electrocardiography, imaging, invasive hemodynamics). The purpose of this study was to use this approach in a cohort of patients with tetralogy of Fallot after complete repair (rTOF) to assess comparative influences of residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) and pulmonary regurgitation on ventricular health.

Methods: Twenty patients with rTOF who underwent percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging were included in this retrospective study.

Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery: Surgical Emergency?

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery is a congenital condition associated with sudden cardiac death. There are no current recommendations for the acute management and urgency for this patient population. This manuscript describes and discusses two patients who presented with an acute coronary event and needed emergent intervention despite initial clinical stabilization and improvement.

The Subclinical Cardiomyopathy of Friedreich's Ataxia in a Pediatric Population.

Background: Identification of a subclinical cardiomyopathy in pediatric patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) has not been well-described.

Methods: We performed echocardiography (Echo), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), and neurologic assessment in a cross-sectional analysis of 48 genetically confirmed FA subjects aged 9-17 years with moderate neurologic impairment but without a cardiovascular history. Echo- and cMRI-determined left ventricular mass were indexed (LVMI) to height in grams/m.

Fetal tachycardia treated successfully with maternally administered propylthiouracil.

Background. Fetal tachycardia may result from the transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in a patient with hypothyroidism secondary to ablation of Graves' disease. Case.

Dilated cardiomyopathy following right ventricular pacing for AV block in young patients: resolution after upgrading to biventricular pacing systems.

Introduction: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been demonstrated to result in clinical improvement in older adult patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), specifically those with left bundle branch block and prolonged QRS duration. We sought to demonstrate the benefits of CRT on improvement in cardiac function and clinical outcome in young patients that developed congestive heart failure (CHF) and DCM following cardiac pacing for AV block.

Methods And Results: We reviewed the charts of six patients who developed CHF or low cardiac output symptoms and DCM following implantation of right ventricular (RV)-based pacing systems for AV block, and subsequently underwent CRT.