General Reference and Design S-N Curves Obtained for 1.2709 Tool Steel.

At present, due to advanced fatigue calculation models, it is becoming more crucial to find a reliable source for design S-N curves, especially in the case of new 3D-printed materials. Such obtained steel components are becoming very popular and are often used for important parts of dynamically loaded structures. One of the commonly used printing steels is EN 1.

Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stability of the Lipid Fraction of Skin-On and Skinless Fillets of Prussian Carp ().

The aim of the study was to compare the fatty acid profile and content and the oxidative stability of the lipid fraction of Prussian Carp () fillets with and without skin. Carp specimens were obtained in spring from a fish farm located in the Lublin Voivodeship. The research material consisted of skin-on (n = 12) and skinless (n = 12) fillets (hand-filleted).

An iminosugar-based heparanase inhibitor heparastatin (SF4) suppresses infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into inflamed dorsal air pouches.

Local infiltration of inflammatory cells is regulated by a number of biological steps during which the cells likely penetrate through subendothelial basement membranes that contain heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In the present study, we examined whether administration of heparastatin (SF4), an iminosugar-based inhibitor of heparanase, could suppress local inflammation and degradation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in basement membranes. In a carrageenan- or formyl peptide-induced dorsal air pouch inflammation model, the number of infiltrated neutrophils and monocytes was significantly lower in mice after topical administration of heparastatin (SF4).

A role for melatonin in maintaining the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance by influencing leukocyte migration and apoptosis in carp.

Melatonin is responsible for the synchronization of many physiological processes, including the immune response. Here we focus on the expression of melatonin MT1 receptors in/on leukocytes, and on the effects of melatonin administration on the inflammatory processes of carp. For the first time, we showed that fish leukocytes express MT1 receptors, implicating direct responsiveness to melatonin stimulation.

Activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis (HPI axis) and immune response in carp lines with different susceptibility to disease.

The stress response transmitted by the HPA axis is one of the best examples of neuroendocrine-immune interactions that are critical for survival. Analogous to the situation in mammals, the stress response in fish is characterized by the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis (HPI). Effects of cortisol on the fish immune system comply with findings in mammals and suggest that the differences in sensitivity to stress will influence the immune response and as a consequence of survival.

Mechanisms involved in apoptosis of carp leukocytes upon in vitro and in vivo immunostimulation.

During inflammation leukocyte activity must be carefully regulated, as high concentrations and/or prolonged action of pro-inflammatory mediators e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be detrimental not only for pathogens but also for host tissues.

Abscisic acid analogs as chemical probes for dissection of abscisic acid responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone known to mediate numerous plant developmental processes and responses to environmental stress. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ABA acts, through a genetically redundant family of ABA receptors entitled Regulatory Component of ABA Receptor (RCAR)/Pyrabactin Resistant 1 (PYR1)/Pyrabactin Resistant-Like (PYL) receptors comprised of thirteen homologues acting in concert with a seven-member set of phosphatases. The individual contributions of A.

Neuroendocrine modulation of the inflammatory response in common carp: adrenaline regulates leukocyte profile and activity.

Inflammatory responses have to be carefully controlled, as high concentrations and/or prolonged action of inflammation-related molecules (e.g. reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines) can be detrimental to host tissue and organs.

Action of natural abscisic acid precursors and catabolites on abscisic acid receptor complexes.

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates stress responses and controls numerous aspects of plant growth and development. Biosynthetic precursors and catabolites of ABA have been shown to trigger ABA responses in physiological assays, but it is not clear whether these are intrinsically active or whether they are converted into ABA in planta. In this study, we analyzed the effect of ABA precursors, conjugates, and catabolites on hormone signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Adrenergic regulation of the innate immune response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

Catecholamines exert their physiological actions through α and β adrenergic receptors (ARs). As ARs are not exclusively expressed on neuroendocrine cells, but also on leukocytes, they may facilitate neuroendocrine modulation of immune responses. We sequenced the β(2a)-AR in common carp, and studied its expression profile and involvement in the regulation of teleost innate immune responses.

Closely related receptor complexes differ in their ABA selectivity and sensitivity.

The recent discovery of a variety of receptors has led to new models for hormone perception in plants. In the case of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), which regulates plant responses to abiotic stress, perception seems to occur both at the plasma membrane and in the cytosol. The cytosolic receptors for ABA have recently been identified as complexes between protein phosphatases 2C (PP2C) and regulatory components (RCAR/PYR/PYL) that bind ABA.