Genetic ancestry concordant RNA splicing in prostate cancer involves oncogenic genes and associates with recurrence.

Black men suffer disproportionately from prostate cancer (PCa) compared to men of other races and ethnicities. Comparing the molecular landscape of PCa among Black and White patients has the potential to identify targets for development of new precision medicine interventions. Herein, we conducted transcriptomic analysis of prostate tumors and paired tumor-adjacent normals from self-reported Black and White PCa patients and estimated patient genetic ancestry.

Exploring Charge Redistribution at the Cu/CoSe Interface.

This study investigates the electronic interactions and charge redistribution at the dopant-support interface using a Cu/CoSe cluster construct. Specifically, the redox cluster series [CuCoSeL] ([-Cu]; = 0, -1, -2, -3; L = PhPNTol, Ph = phenyl, Tol = -tolyl) spanning four distinct oxidation states is synthesized and characterized using a multitude of techniques, including multinuclear NMR, UV-vis, XANES, and X-ray crystallography. Structural investigations indicate that the clusters are isostructural and chiral, adopting a pseudo- symmetry.

Climate hazards in Latin American cities: Understanding the role of the social and built environments and barriers to adaptation action.

Climate hazards threaten the health and wellbeing of people living in urban areas. This study characterized reported climate hazards, adaptation action, and barriers to adaptation in 124 Latin American cities, and associations of climate hazards with urban social and built environment characteristics. We examined cities that responded to a global environmental disclosure system and that were included in the Urban Health in Latin America (SALURBAL) Project database.

Caught in the Act of Substitution: Interadsorbate Effects on an Atomically Precise Fe/Co/Se Nanocluster.

Directing groups guide substitution patterns in organic synthetic schemes, but little is known about pathways to control reactivity patterns, such as regioselectivity, in complex inorganic systems such as bioinorganic cofactors or extended surfaces. Interadsorbate effects are known to encode surface reactivity patterns in inorganic materials, modulating the location and binding strength of ligands. However, owing to limited experimental resolution into complex inorganic structures, there is little opportunity to resolve these effects on the atomic scale.

Adolescent mental distress in the wake of climate disasters.

Objective: Retrospective exposure to a higher number and prolonged duration of climate-related disasters could be positively associated with adolescent mental distress.

Methods: Person-level data came from 38,616 high-school students residing in 22 urban public-school districts in 14 states (U.S.

Short-term associations between fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 337 cities in Latin America.

Ambient air pollution is a health concern in Latin America given its large urban population exposed to levels above recommended guidelines. Yet no studies have examined the mortality impact of air pollutants in the region across a wide range of cities. We assessed whether short-term levels of fine particulate matter (PM) from modeled estimates, are associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality among adults in 337 cities from 9 Latin American countries.

Ambient nitrogen dioxide in 47 187 neighbourhoods across 326 cities in eight Latin American countries: population exposures and associations with urban features.

Background: Health research on ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO) is sparse in Latin America, despite the high prevalence of NO-associated respiratory diseases in the region. This study describes within-city distributions of ambient NO concentrations at high spatial resolution and urban characteristics associated with neighbourhood ambient NO in 326 Latin American cities.

Methods: We aggregated estimates of annual surface NO at 1 km spatial resolution for 2019, population counts, and urban characteristics compiled by the SALURBAL project to the neighbourhood level (ie, census tracts).

Greenness and excess deaths from heat in 323 Latin American cities: Do associations vary according to climate zone or green space configuration?

Green vegetation may protect against heat-related death by improving thermal comfort. Few studies have investigated associations of green vegetation with heat-related mortality in Latin America or whether associations are modified by the spatial configuration of green vegetation. We used data from 323 Latin American cities and meta-regression models to estimate associations between city-level greenness, quantified using population-weighted normalized difference vegetation index values and modeled as three-level categorical terms, and excess deaths from heat (heat excess death fractions [heat EDFs]).

Testing the effectiveness of household fuel conservation strategies: Policy implications for increasing the affordability of exclusive clean cooking.

Background: Exclusive clean fuel use is essential for realizing health and other benefits but is often unaffordable. Decreasing household-level fuel needs could make exclusive clean fuel use more affordable, but there is a lack of knowledge on the amount of fuel savings that could be achieved through fuel conservation behaviors relevant to rural settings in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: Within a trial in Peru, we trained a random half of intervention participants, who had previously received a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and were purchasing their own fuel, on fuel conservation strategies.

Metal/Support Interactions Regulate Substrate Binding in Fe/Co/Se Cluster Catalysts.

Here, we investigate the stereoelectronic requirements of a family of Fe/CoSe molecular clusters to achieve a Goldilocks regime of substrate affinity for the catalytic coupling of tosyl azide and -butyl isocyanide. The reactivity of a catalytically competent iron-nitrenoid intermediate, observed , is explored toward nitrene transfer and hydrogen-atom abstraction. The dual role of isocyanide, which, on the one hand, prevents catalyst degradation but, in large amounts, slows down reactivity, is exposed.

Ambient nitrogen dioxide in 47,187 neighborhoods across 326 cities in eight Latin American countries: population exposures and associations with urban features.

Background: Health research on ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO) is sparse in Latin America, despite the high prevalence of NO-associated respiratory diseases in the region. This study describes within-city distributions of ambient NO concentrations at high spatial resolution and urban characteristics associated with neighborhood ambient NO in 326 Latin American cities.

Methods: We aggregated estimates of annual surface NO at 1 km spatial resolution for 2019, population counts, and urban characteristics compiled by the SALURBAL project to the neighborhood level (i.

Effects of a household air pollution intervention using liquefied petroleum gas stoves, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging on dietary and sodium intake of adult women in Puno, Peru: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Household air pollution (HAP) is a widespread environmental exposure worldwide. While several cleaner fuel interventions have been implemented to reduce personal exposures to HAP, it is unclear if cooking with cleaner fuels also affects the choice of meals and dietary intake.

Design: Individually randomised, open-label controlled trial of a HAP intervention.

Modification of temperature-related human mortality by area-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in Latin American cities.

Background: In Latin America, where climate change and rapid urbanization converge, non-optimal ambient temperatures contribute to excess mortality. However, little is known about area-level characteristics that confer vulnerability to temperature-related mortality.

Objectives: Explore city-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with temperature-related mortality in Latin American cities.

Metal-Support Interactions in Molecular Single-Site Cluster Catalysts.

This study provides atomistic insights into the interface between a single-site catalyst and a transition metal chalcogenide support and reveals that peak catalytic activity occurs when edge/support redox cooperativity is maximized. A molecular platform MCoSe(PEt)(L) (-M, M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) was designed in which the active site (M)/support (CoSe) interactions are interrogated by systematically probing the electronic and structural changes that occur as the identity of the metal varies. All 3d transition metal -M clusters display remarkable catalytic activity for coupling tosyl azide and -butyl isocyanide, with Mn and Co derivatives showing the fastest turnover in the series.

Ambient temperature and term birthweight in Latin American cities.

Background: Extreme temperatures may lead to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, including low birthweight. Studies on the impact of temperature on birthweight have been inconclusive due to methodological challenges related to operationalizing temperature exposure, the definitions of exposure windows, accounting for gestational age, and a limited geographic scope.

Methods: We combined data on individual-level term live births (N≈15 million births) from urban areas in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico from 2010 to 2015 from the SALURBAL study (Urban Health in Latin America) with high-resolution daily air temperature data and computed average ambient temperature for every month of gestation for each newborn.

City-level impact of extreme temperatures and mortality in Latin America.

Climate change and urbanization are rapidly increasing human exposure to extreme ambient temperatures, yet few studies have examined temperature and mortality in Latin America. We conducted a nonlinear, distributed-lag, longitudinal analysis of daily ambient temperatures and mortality among 326 Latin American cities between 2002 and 2015. We observed 15,431,532 deaths among ≈2.

Multi-active Site Dynamics on a Molecular Cr/Co/Se Cluster Catalyst.

This study uncovers the interconnected reactivity of the three catalytically active sites of an atomically precise nanocluster Cr(py)CoSeL ((py), L = PhPNTol, Ph = phenyl, Tol = 4-tolyl). Catalytic and stoichiometric studies into tosyl azide activation and carbodiimide formation enabled the isolation and crystallographic characterization of key catalytically competent metal-imido intermediates, including the tris(imido) cluster (NTs), the catalytic resting state (NTs)(CNBu), and the site-differentiated mono(imido) cluster (NTs)(CNBu). In the stoichiometric regime, nitrene transfer proceeds via a stepwise mechanism, with the three active sites engaging sequentially to produce carbodiimide.

Household Air Pollution Concentrations after Liquefied Petroleum Gas Interventions in Rural Peru: Findings from a One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial Followed by a One-Year Pragmatic Crossover Trial.

Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuel combustion remains a leading environmental risk factor for morbidity worldwide.

Objective: Measure the effect of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) interventions on HAP exposures in Puno, Peru.

Methods: We conducted a 1-y randomized controlled trial followed by a 1-y pragmatic crossover trial in 180 women age 25-64 y.

Prospective clinical trial of disulfiram plus copper in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: In preclinical models of prostate cancer (PC), disulfiram (DSF) reduced tumor growth only when co-administered with copper (Cu), and Cu uptake in tumors is partially regulated by androgen-receptor signaling. However, prior trials of DSF in PC used DSF as monotherapy.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of concurrent administration of DSF with Cu, we conducted a phase 1b clinical trial of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) receiving Cu with DSF.

Redox-Switchable Allosteric Effects in Molecular Clusters.

We demonstrate that allosteric effects and redox state changes can be harnessed to create a switch that selectively and reversibly regulates the coordination chemistry of a single site on the surface of a molecular cluster. This redox-switchable allostery is employed as a guiding force to assemble the molecular clusters ZnCoSeL' (L' = PhPN(H)Tol, Ph = phenyl, Tol = 4-tolyl) into materials of predetermined dimensionality (1- or 2-D) and to encode them with emissive properties. This work paves the path to program the assembly and function of inorganic clusters into stimuli-responsive, atomically precise materials.