Pediatric Gram-negative bloodstream infections: epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, clinical outcomes and factors affecting mortality, a single center retrospective study.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of Gram-negative bloodstream infections in pediatric patients poses significant treatment challenges, particularly from multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Despite advances in medical care, mortality from bloodstream infections remains a concern. Our study aims to understand pediatric patients` demographics, clinical conditions, and microorganisms causing Gram-negative infections, as well as identify factors affecting treatment outcomes and mortality.

Listeria Meningitis as an Indication of Undiagnosed Primary Immune Deficiency, Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta Syndrome: A Case Report.

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacillus that causes severe infections mainly in newborns, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly. In this report, we present a case of immune dysregulation that presented with invasive Listeria infection despite the absence of these risk factors.

Case: A previously healthy 5-year-old girl developed L.

Case Report: Brucellosis Mimicking Tuberculous Meningitis in a Child.

Neurobrucellosis is rare in children, presenting with a variety of clinical manifestations, including meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cranial neuropathies, and intracranial mass-like lesions. We present a case of a 17-year-old girl admitted to the hospital in Istanbul for headache. Lumbar puncture showed elevated intracranial pressure, monocytic pleocytosis, elevated total protein, and hypoglycorrhachia.

The use of fosfomycin in infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, especially pneumonia in children: a five-year retrospective single-centre experience.

Background: Fosfomycin is gaining increasing attention for its activity against MDR or XDR pathogens. Currently, IV fosfomycin is a potential option for treating various infections, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia and skin infections when first-line treatments fail.

Objectives: To evaluate the demographic, clinical, microbiological and treatment modality of children received IV fosfomycin to treat infections caused by MDR pathogens since there are few data on the use of fosfomycin in children.

Challenging Treatment of Disseminated Aspergillosis in a Child With Nephrotic Syndrome.

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is an opportunistic infection with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate. It is seen in immunocompromised patients as well as in immunocompetent patients. Here, we present disseminated aspergillosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome treated with long-term and aggressive systemic antifungal treatment and intraventricular (IVent) liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) as well as surgical excision and drainage due to difficulty in management.

A 4-Year-Old Child with a Giant Cerebral Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report.

Echinococcosis is the most common cestode infection globally caused by the species. The most common organ involvement is the lungs and liver, but other organs can be rarely involved. Here, we present a case with a giant cerebral hydatid cyst.

Pathogens in Pediatric Septic Arthritis: A Multi-Center Study in Turkiye (PEDSART Study).

Objectives: Septic arthritis (SA) is a serious bacterial infection that must be treated efficiently and timely. The large number of culture-negative cases makes local epidemiological data important. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic approach of SA in children in Turkiye, emphasizing the role of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in the diagnosis.

COVID-19 in hospitalized infants aged under 3 months: multi-center experiences across Turkey.

To investigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in infants aged 0 to 3 months because there is currently a significant gap in the literature on the subject. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the involvement of 19 medical centers across Turkey and 570 infants. The majority of the patients were male (58.

Single-Center Experience in Vaccination of Children in Special Risk Groups: A Multidisciplinary Institutional Consensus Protocol.

Objective: Despite marked improvements in the accessibility of childhood vaccines, knowledge gaps remain about the vaccination of children in special risk groups (SRG). This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of children vaccinated in SRG in a single-center unit to contribute to the clinical evidence for the specific planning of immunization of children in SRG. The second- ary aim is to present institutional consensus on the vaccination of children in SRG.

Successful Treatment of with Metronidazole in a Child: A Case Report.

is a zoonotic liver trematode that usually causes infection in cattle and sheep, and is transmitted to humans by consuming water and aquatic plants contaminated with metacercaria. The detection of eggs in stools, serological evaluation and radiological evaluation are essential for diagnosis. Triclabendazole is the first-line therapy for fascioliasis.

Effect of video camera monitoring feedback on hand hygiene compliance in neonatal intensive care unit, an interventional study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether use of a video camera surveillance system for hand hygiene (HH) monitoring, video-based education, and feedback could improve the HH compliance in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods And Materials: This was an interventional before-after trial conducted in a level-III NICU between July 2019 and June 2020. HH compliance was measured using randomly selected video-camera footage in the baseline, intervention, and maintenance periods.

The Notch1/CD22 signaling axis disrupts Treg function in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) evolves in some pediatric patients following acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 by hitherto unknown mechanisms. Whereas acute-COVID-19 severity and outcomes were previously correlated with Notch4 expression on Tregs, here, we show that Tregs in MIS-C were destabilized through a Notch1-dependent mechanism. Genetic analysis revealed that patients with MIS-C had enrichment of rare deleterious variants affecting inflammation and autoimmunity pathways, including dominant-negative mutations in the Notch1 regulators NUMB and NUMBL leading to Notch1 upregulation.

COVID-19 disease characteristics in different pediatric age groups.

Introduction: Little is known about the COVID-19 disease characteristics and differences between different pediatric age groups. This study aimed to investigate the disease characteristics according to age groups.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of pediatric COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey.

Cost and length of hospital stay for healthcare facilityonset Clostridioides Difficile infection in pediatric wards: a prospective cohort analysis.

Background: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a well-known causative agent of healthcare associated infection, it increases medical cost besides increasing morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the incidence, and economic burden of healthcare facility-onset C.

Bloodstream infections due to Trichosporon species in paediatric patients: Results from the first national study from Turkey.

Background: Invasive Trichosporon infections are rarely seen opportunistic fungal infections in children and mainly affect immunocompromised patients. This multicenter retrospective study has rewieved the characteristics, risk factors, treatment modalities and outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by Trichosporon species in children diagnosed over the past ten years in Turkey.

Methods: The study was performed with the participation of 12 of 55 hospitals invited from Turkey.

Incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and the comorbidity scores in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 cases.

Background: We aimed to determine the incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and to define the relationships between the need for hospitalization, the development of MIS-C, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Pediatric Comorbidity Index (PCI) scores.

Methods: All pediatric COVID-19 cases between March 25, 2020, and December 28, 2020, in the Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital were enrolled. Patients who needed hospitalization were determined.

Adverse COVID-19 outcomes in immune deficiencies: Inequality exists between subclasses.

Background: Genetic deficiencies of immune system, referred to as inborn errors of immunity (IEI), serve as a valuable model to study human immune responses. In a multicenter prospective cohort, we evaluated the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection among IEI subjects and analyzed genetic and immune characteristics that determine adverse COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods: We studied 34 IEI patients (19M/15F, 12 [min: 0.

Evaluation of infants with HIV-infected mothers and perinatal transmission in Turkey: A single-center experience.

Objective: The most common route of HIV infection in children is through perinatal transmission. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of infants with HIV-infected mothers and perinatal HIV transmission.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of HIV-exposed infants in between December 2017 and October 2019 in a Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital.

Antifungal susceptibility, species distribution and risk factors associated with mortality of invasive candidiasis in children in Turkey: A six-year retrospective, single-centre study.

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a life-threatening fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the Candida species distribution and antifungal drug susceptibility and to identify the risk factors associated with IC mortality in children. We conducted a retrospective, single-centre study of paediatric IC in patients from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey between January 2013 and February 2019.