Production of a heterozygous exon skipping model of common marmosets using gene-editing technology.

Nonhuman primates (NHPs), which are closely related to humans, are useful in biomedical research, and an increasing number of NHP disease models have been reported using gene editing. However, many disease-related genes cause perinatal death when manipulated homozygously by gene editing. In addition, NHP resources, which are limited, should be efficiently used.

Development of a 3D tracking system for multiple marmosets under free-moving conditions.

Assessment of social interactions and behavioral changes in nonhuman primates is useful for understanding brain function changes during life events and pathogenesis of neurological diseases. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), which lives in a nuclear family like humans, is a useful model, but longitudinal automated behavioral observation of multiple animals has not been achieved. Here, we developed a Full Monitoring and Animal Identification (FulMAI) system for longitudinal detection of three-dimensional (3D) trajectories of each individual in multiple marmosets under free-moving conditions by combining video tracking, Light Detection and Ranging, and deep learning.

Prognostic Factors for Discharge Directly Home in Patients With Thoracoscopic Surgery for Empyema: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a widely recommended treatment for empyema in advanced stages. However, only a few studies have evaluated prognostic factors among patients with empyema who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Furthermore, no studies have evaluated predictors of direct discharge home.

Effectiveness of Immediate Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Empyema: A Multicentre, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Because of limitations in previous randomised controlled trials and observational studies, the effectiveness of immediate video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for patients with empyema in real-world settings remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether immediate VATS improves clinical outcomes in patients with empyema.

Methods: This multicentre retrospective cohort study included 744 patients with physician-diagnosed empyema from six hospitals between 2006 and 2021.

Primary Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia Successfully Treated with Corticosteroid Therapy and Valganciclovir.

Cytomegalovirus infection is typically asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. A 26-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a fever and breathlessness. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral diffuse reticulation and nodules.

Prognostic Value of Computed Tomography in Empyema: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Chest computed tomography is performed in patients with empyema for various reasons. However, its predictive ability for patient outcomes in empyema has not been evaluated. To evaluate the predictive ability of computed tomography findings (pleural thickness, loculation, interlobar pleural effusion, lung abscess, and bronchopleural fistula) for 90-day mortality in empyema.

The common marmoset in biomedical research: experimental disease models and veterinary management.

The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is increasingly being used as the preferred nonhuman primate (NHP) model in biomedical research. Marmosets share several physiological and biological similarities with humans, as a Simiiformes species, and their use in research programs advances knowledge in several fields. Their unique characteristics, such as their small size, high fecundity, and rapid growth, offer additional advances in laboratory settings.

Recent Advances in the Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease.

Since 1995, more than 100 transgenic (Tg) mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been generated in which mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) or APP/presenilin 1 (PS1) cDNA is overexpressed ( ). Although many of these models successfully recapitulate major pathological hallmarks of the disease such as amyloid β peptide (Aβ) deposition and neuroinflammation, they have suffered from artificial phenotypes in the form of overproduced or mislocalized APP/PS1 and their functional fragments, as well as calpastatin deficiency-induced early lethality, calpain activation, neuronal cell death without tau pathology, endoplasmic reticulum stresses, and inflammasome involvement. Such artifacts bring two important uncertainties into play, these being (1) why the artifacts arise, and (2) how they affect the interpretation of experimental results.

Two cases of trastuzumab deruxtecan-induced interstitial lung disease in advanced breast cancer.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) frequently induces interstitial lung disease (ILD) more than other anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapies. We diagnosed two cases of ILD induced by T-DXd in patients with advanced breast cancer. The first case is that of a 57-year-old Japanese woman who complained of dyspnoea and fever after 4 cycles of T-DXd.

Predicting in-hospital death in pneumonic COPD exacerbation BAP-65, CURB-65 and machine learning.

Introduction: There is no established clinical prediction model for in-hospital death among patients with pneumonic COPD exacerbation. We aimed to externally validate BAP-65 and CURB-65 and to develop a new model based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm.

Methods: This multicentre cohort study included patients aged ≥40 years with pneumonic COPD exacerbation.

The prognostic factors of in-hospital death among patients with pneumonic COPD acute exacerbation.

Background: Pneumonic acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-AE) is associated with worse outcomes compared with non-pneumonic COPD-AE. We aimed to explore prognostic factors among patients with pneumonic COPD-AE.

Methods: This multicentered retrospective cohort study was conducted across five hospitals in Japan.

Effectiveness of empirical anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for recurrent COPD exacerbation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Although frequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation has been associated with the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in sputum cultures, it remains unknown whether the empirical use of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics can improve outcomes in patients with frequent COPD exacerbations. This multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated whether the empirical use of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics improves the length of the hospital stay in patients with recurrent COPD exacerbation (≥ 2 admissions from April 1, 2008 to July 31, 2020). For statistical analysis, a log-linked Gamma model was used.

Effectiveness of Steroid Therapy on Pneumonic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To date, no consensus exists on the effects of systemic steroid use on pneumonic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation owing to trial design issues in previous trials involving these conditions. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate more precisely the effectiveness of the use of systemic steroids in treating pneumonic COPD exacerbation in a larger sample by adjusting for confounding factors.

Patients And Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted across five acute general hospitals in Japan.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Associated with Emphysematous Change in an Adult Who Underwent Lung Transplantation.

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is characterized by repeated alveolar hemorrhaging. We herein report a 52-year-old Japanese woman who had shortness of breath, diffuse small nodules, thin-walled cysts, and bronchiolectasis. A surgical lung biopsy revealed peribronchial hemosiderosis, centrilobular emphysema, and fragile elastic fibers of the alveolar septa and small vessels.

Genetic engineering in nonhuman primates for human disease modeling.

Nonhuman primate (NHP) experimental models have contributed greatly to human health research by assessing the safety and efficacy of newly developed drugs, due to their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. To generate NHP disease models, drug-inducible methods, and surgical treatment methods have been employed. Recent developments in genetic and developmental engineering in NHPs offer new options for producing genetically modified disease models.

Generation of a Nonhuman Primate Model of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Using Highly Efficient Genome Editing.

Recent advances in genome editing have facilitated the generation of nonhuman primate (NHP) models, with potential to unmask the complex biology of human disease not revealed by rodent models. However, their broader use is hindered by the challenges associated with generation of adult NHP models as well as the cost of their production. Here, we describe the generation of a marmoset model of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

Birth of healthy offspring following ICSI in in vitro-matured common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) oocytes.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), an important method used to treat male subfertility, is applied in the transgenic technology of sperm-mediated gene transfer. However, no study has described successful generation of offspring using ICSI in the common marmoset, a small non-human primate used as a model for biomedical translational research. In this study, we investigated blastocyst development and the subsequent live offspring stages of marmoset oocytes matured in vitro and fertilized by ICSI.

Common marmoset as a new model animal for neuroscience research and genome editing technology.

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small New World primate; it originally comes from the Atlantic coastal forests in northeastern Brazil. It has been attracting much attention in the biomedical research field because of its size, availability, and unique biological characteristics. Its endocrinological and behavioral similarity to humans, comparative ease in handling, and high reproductive efficiency are very advantageous for neuroscience research.

Distinctive flow pattern of wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index: similarity and dissimilarity in ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysm blebs.

Object: The difference in the hemodynamics of wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms is not well understood. The authors investigated the hemodynamic similarities and dissimilarities in ruptured and thin-walled unruptured aneurysm blebs.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging-based fluid dynamics analysis was used to calculate WSS and OSI, and hemodynamic and intraoperative findings were compared.

[Flow dynamics analysis in patients with a ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm. A case report].

Despite advancement of diagnostic and treatment modalities, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still an entity of neurosurgical emergency with poor outcome. Recent reports indicated that hemodynamic stress might play an important role in rupture or the growth of cerebral aneurysms, but there is no consensus about how or which hemodynamic factor contribute to this phenomenon. In this report, magnetic resonance (MR)-based flow dynamics analysis was performed for a patient with SAH and the data obtained were directly compared with intraoperative findings.

OmpA variants affecting the adherence of ulcerative colitis-derived Bacteroides vulgatus.

To investigate the adhesion factor of Bacteroides vulgatus derived from ulcerative colitis (UC), we isolated B. vulgatus strains from the large intestinal mucosa of UC patients and non-UC individuals, and examined their adherence to tissue-cultured cells. The adherence to tissue-cultured cells in UC-derived strains (36.

uspA1 of Moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates in Japan and its relationship with adherence to HEp-2 cells.

The surface protein, UspA1, of Moraxella catarrhalis is involved in adherence to human epithelial cells. We examined the expression of uspA1, and adherence to HEp-2 cells of clinical isolates. The uspA1 gene was detected in 204 of 208 isolates.

Analysis of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca isolates from clinical specimens in Japan.

This study investigated the relationship of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and aminoglycoside resistance among oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (n=46) and Klebsiella oxytoca (n=28) clinical isolates in Japan. Seventy-three isolates appeared to produce an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and one K. oxytoca isolate produced IMP-1 metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL).