Fluoride Ion Storage and Conduction Mechanism in Fluoride Ion Battery Positive Electrode, Ruddlesden-Popper-Type Layered Perovskite LaSrMnO Crystal.

Structural characteristics on fluoride ion storage and conduction mechanism in LaSrMnO, and its fluoridated materials, LaSrMnOF and LaSrMnOF, for an all-solid-state fluoride ion battery positive electrode with a high volumetric capacity surpassing those of lithium-ion ones have been revealed using the Rietveld method and maximum entropy method. In LaSrMnO, once the F ions are taken into the NaCl slabs in its crystal through the charging process, it forms two stable fluoride compounds, LaSrMnOF and LaSrMnOF, with the help of the Mn oxidation reaction. In these oxyfluorides, thermal vibrations of the F ions inserted are much larger, especially in the - plane, than along the axis.

Palmitoylation of ULK1 by ZDHHC13 plays a crucial role in autophagy.

Autophagy is a highly conserved process from yeast to mammals in which intracellular materials are engulfed by a double-membrane organelle called autophagosome and degrading materials by fusing with the lysosome. The process of autophagy is regulated by sequential recruitment and function of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins. Genetic hierarchical analyses show that the ULK1 complex comprised of ULK1-FIP200-ATG13-ATG101 translocating from the cytosol to autophagosome formation sites as a most upstream ATG factor; this translocation is critical in autophagy initiation.

Formative evaluation and structural analysis of non-tuberculosis mycobacterial biofilm using material pieces.

Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) can form biofilms on diverse artificial surfaces. In the present study, we induced NTM biofilm formation on materials used in various medical devices, evaluated the total amount of biofilm, and observed the ultrastructure by scanning electron microscopy.

The role of perceptual processing in the oddball effect revealed by the Thatcher illusion.

When a novel stimulus (oddball) appears after repeated presentation of an identical stimulus, the oddball is perceived to last longer than the repeated stimuli, a phenomenon known as the oddball effect. We investigated whether the perceptual or physical differences between the repeated and oddball stimuli are more important for the oddball effect. To manipulate the perceptual difference while keeping their physical visual features constant, we used the Thatcher illusion, in which an inversion of a face hinders recognition of distortion in its facial features.

Face adaptation induces duration distortion of subsequent face stimuli in a face category-specific manner.

Studies have shown that duration perception depends on several visual processes. However, the stages of visual processes that contribute to duration perception remain unclear. This study examined the effects of categorical differences in face adaptation on perceived duration.

Double-Layered Perovskite Oxyfluoride Cathodes with High Capacity Involving O-O Bond Formation for Fluoride-Ion Batteries.

Developing electrochemical high-energy storage systems is of crucial importance toward a green and sustainable energy supply. A promising candidate is fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs), which can deliver a much higher volumetric energy density than lithium-ion batteries. However, typical metal fluoride cathodes with conversion-type reactions cause a low-rate capability.

Improving the Cyclic Reversibility of Layered Li-Rich Cathodes by Combining Oxygen Vacancies and Surface Fluorination.

Layered-type Li-rich cathode materials have attracted significant attention for next-generation Li-ion batteries, but the advantage of their high capacity is eclipsed by their poor reversibility upon cycling. Irreversible oxygen redox activity and surface degradation have been deemed as the root cause and direct cause for their poor performance, respectively. We attempted to suppress surface degradation by inserting fluoride ions up to some depth on the surface.

How many categories are there in crossmodal correspondences? A study based on exploratory factor analysis.

Humans naturally associate stimulus features of one sensory modality with those of other modalities, such as associating bright light with high-pitched tones. This phenomenon is called crossmodal correspondence and is found between various stimulus features, and has been suggested to be categorized into several types. However, it is not yet clear whether there are differences in the underlying mechanism between the different kinds of correspondences.

Investigating Degradation Mechanisms in PtCo Alloy Catalysts: The Role of Co Content and a Pt-Rich Shell Using High-Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detection X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

Low Pt-based alloy catalysts are regarded as an efficient strategy in achieving high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the desired durability for the low Pt-based catalysts, such as the PtCo catalyst, has still been considered a great challenge for PEMFCs. In this study, we investigate sub-2.

Catheter-associated Mycobacterium intracellulare biofilm infection in C3HeB/FeJ mice.

Non-tuberculosis mycobacterial (NTM) diseases are steadily increasing in prevalence and mortality worldwide. Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare, the two major pathogens of NTM diseases, are resistant to antibiotics, and chlorine, necessitating their capacity to survive in natural environments (e.

Potassium-rich antiperovskites KHTe and KFTe and their structural relation to lithium and sodium counterparts.

Unlike perovskite oxides, antiperovskites MHCh and MFCh (M = Li, Na; Ch = S, Se, Te) mostly retain their ideal cubic structure over a wide range of compositions owing to anionic size flexibility and low-energy phonon modes that promote their ionic conductivity. In this study, we show the synthesis of potassium-based antiperovskites KHTe and KFTe and discuss the structural features in comparison with lithium and sodium analogues. It is shown experimentally and theoretically that both compounds maintain a cubic symmetry and can be prepared at ambient pressure, in contrast to most of the reported MHCh and MFCh which require high pressure synthesis.

Protection Against Absorption Passivation on Platinum by a Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Shell for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

In polymer electrolyte type fuel cells, the platinum-based catalysts are applied for the oxygen reduction reaction. However, the specific adsorption from the sulfo group in perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers has been considered to passivate the active sites of the platinum. Herein, we present platinum catalysts covered by an ultrathin two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon shell (CN) layer to protect the platinum from the specific adsorption of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers.

WormTensor: a clustering method for time-series whole-brain activity data from C. elegans.

Background: In the field of neuroscience, neural modules and circuits that control biological functions have been found throughout entire neural networks. Correlations in neural activity can be used to identify such neural modules. Recent technological advances enable us to measure whole-brain neural activity with single-cell resolution in several species including [Formula: see text].

Unique Li deposition behavior in LiPS solid electrolyte observed X-ray computed tomography.

The problem of lithium dendrites must be addressed for practical lithium metal all-solid-state batteries. Herein, three-dimensional morphological changes within LiPS electrolyte away from the anode were observed using X-ray computed tomography. We revealed that the electronic conduction of decomposition and the electrolyte/void interface cause the lithium deposition within the LiPS.

Identification of CUL4A-DDB1-WDFY1 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in initiation of lysophagy.

Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation system in which double membrane-bound structures called autophagosomes to deliver cytosolic materials to lysosomes. Autophagy promotes cellular homeostasis by selectively recognizing and sequestering specific targets, such as damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and invading bacteria, termed selective autophagy. We previously reported a type of selective autophagy, lysophagy, which helps clear damaged lysosomes.

Changes in face category induce stronger duration distortion in the temporal oddball paradigm.

A novel stimulus embedded in a sequence of repeated stimuli is often perceived to be longer in duration. Studies have indicated the involvement of repetition suppression in this duration distortion, but it remains unclear which processing stages are important. The present study examined whether high-level visual category processing contributes to the oddball's duration distortion.

Suppression of Charge Recombination by Auxiliary Atoms in Photoinduced Charge Separation Dynamics with Mn Oxides: A Theoretical Study.

Charge separation is one of the most crucial processes in photochemical dynamics of energy conversion, widely observed ranging from water splitting in photosystem II (PSII) of plants to photoinduced oxidation reduction processes. Several basic principles, with respect to charge separation, are known, each of which suffers inherent charge recombination channels that suppress the separation efficiency. We found a charge separation mechanism in the photoinduced excited-state proton transfer dynamics from Mn oxides to organic acceptors.

A case of double inferior vena cava with the connection to sacral venous plexus.

Double inferior vena cava (IVC) is known as a variation in which the additional IVC is found on the left side of the abdominal aorta. Their developmental process has been well documented, but the venous development around the lumbosacral region is controversial. In the present double IVC case, the left IVC entered the left renal vein at the L2 level, and the renal veins on each side flowed into the right IVC at the L1 level.

Psychological burden of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits on medical workers under the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey.

Objectives: There are numerous reports on the psychological burden of medical workers after the COVID-19 outbreak; however, no study has examined the influence of developmental characteristics on the mental health of medical workers. The objective of this study was to examine whether the developmental characteristics of medical workers are associated with anxiety and depression after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Design: We conducted an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey in October 2020.

Changes in pulse waveforms in response to intraocular pressure elevation determined by laser speckle flowgraphy in healthy subjects.

Background: The influences of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations on the pulse waveform in the optic nerve head (ONH) were evaluated using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in normal subjects.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nagoya University Hospital. An ophthalmodynamometer was pressed on the sclera to increase the IOP by 20 mmHg or 30 mmHg for 1 min (experiment 1, 16 subjects) and by 30 mmHg for 10 min (experiment 2, 10 subjects).

Rate-Determining Process at Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces for All-Solid-State Fluoride-Ion Batteries.

Developing high-performance solid electrolytes that are operable at room temperature is one of the toughest challenges related to all-solid-state fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs). In this study, tetragonal β-PbSnF, a promising solid electrolyte material for mild-temperature applications, was modified through annealing under various atmospheres using thin-film models. The annealed samples exhibited preferential growth and enhanced ionic conductivities.