The utility of customised tissue probability maps and templates for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a computational anatomy toolbox (CAT12) study.

Background: Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) is one of the neuroradiological characteristics of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), which makes statistical analyses of brain images difficult. This study aimed to develop and validate methods of accurate brain segmentation and spatial normalisation in patients with DESH by using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12).

Methods: Two hundred ninety-eight iNPH patients with DESH and 25 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent cranial MRI were enrolled in this study.

Post-TACE FDG Accumulation in HCC Surrounding the Liver Parenchyma: Distinguishing Between Inflammatory Pseudotumors and HCC.

An 80-year-old patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan owing to suspected lumbar metastasis identified via a CT scan performed during transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) 2 weeks earlier. The PET scan revealed segmental high uptake in the HCC and surrounding liver parenchyma, where lipiodol deposited during TACE had mostly washed out. The segmental uptake was attributed to TACE-induced inflammatory changes in the liver parenchyma around the HCC, confirmed by reduced uptake in a follow-up 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan 4 months later.

Verification of the effect of data-driven brain motion correction on PET imaging.

Introduction: Brain positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans are useful for identifying the cause of dementia by evaluating glucose metabolism in the brain with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose or Aβ deposition with F-18-florbetaben. However, since imaging time ranges from 10 to 30 minutes, movements during the examination might result in image artifacts, which interfere with diagnosis. To solve this problem, data-driven brain motion correction (DDBMC) techniques are capable of performing motion corrected reconstruction using highly accurate motion estimates with high temporal resolution.

The grasp reflex in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and intensity of grasp reflexes and to examine changes in these reflexes after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Methods: We enrolled 147 patients with probable iNPH. A standard procedure was used to determine the presence of grasp reflexes, and the intensity of these reflexes was assessed using a four-category classification.

Nuclear medicine practice in Japan: a report of the ninth nationwide survey in 2022.

Subcommittee on Survey of Nuclear Medicine Practice in Japan has performed a nationwide survey of nuclear medicine practice every 5 years since 1982 to survey contemporary nuclear medicine practice and its changes over the years. The subcommittee sent questionnaires, including the number and category of examinations as well as the kind of the radiopharmaceuticals during the 30 days of June 2022 to all nuclear medicine institutes in Japan. The total numbers of them for the year 2022 were estimated depends on the 1-month data.

Imaging findings of arrested pneumatisation and differentiation from other skull base lesions.

Objectives: Arrested pneumatisation (AP) is an anatomic variant of the sphenoid sinus. Since AP remains underrecognised, otolaryngologists and radiologists may mistake AP for a lesion and perform follow-up imaging studies. We investigated the imaging findings of CT, MRI, and F-18 fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) for AP, and discussed the differences between AP and other skull base lesions.

Improvement of Imaging Conditions to Improve the Detection Rate of Head and Neck Cancer by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Examination.

Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has improved sensitivity and resolution using silicon photomultiplier as a photosensor. Previously, only a fixed setting was available for the shooting time of 1 bed, but now, the shooting time can be changed for each bed. Time can be shortened or extended depending on the target area.

Development and validation of an [F]FDG-PET/CT radiomic model for predicting progression-free survival for patients with stage II - III thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who are treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Radiomics is a method for extracting a large amount of information from images and used to predict treatment outcomes, side effects and diagnosis. In this study, we developed and validated a radiomic model of [F]FDG-PET/CT for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) of definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for patients with esophageal cancer.

Material And Methods: Patients with stage II - III esophageal cancer who underwent [F]FDG-PET/CT within 45 days before dCRT between 2005 and 2017 were included.

18 F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Post Heart Transplantation Depicts High Accumulation at Sites of Previous Ventricular Assist Device Insertion.

A 37-year-old man with previous heart transplantation for dilated cardiomyopathy underwent screening for malignancy under posttransplantation immunosuppression. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed uptake in 2 peritoneal sites of the pericardium that corresponded to the insertion sites of a left ventricular assist device that was used before transplantation. Additional abnormal uptake in the right axillary artery, aortic arch, and left femoral artery corresponded to the insertion sites for arterial inflow during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Prediction of the development of delirium after transcatheter aortic valve implantation using preoperative brain perfusion SPECT.

Objectives: Delirium is an important prognostic factor in postoperative patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery and intervention, including transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, delirium after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (DAT) is difficult to predict and its pathophysiology is still unclear. We aimed to investigate whether preoperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) is associated with DAT and, if so, whether CBF measurement is useful for predicting DAT.

High diagnostic accuracy for lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma using PET/CT with a silicon photomultiplier.

Objective: The higher sensitivity of the new-generation positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) may increase false-positive rates in detecting metastatic lymph nodes (LNs). This study aimed to clarify the usefulness of the SiPM PET scanner in diagnosing LN metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT images of 39 SCC patients using SiPM PET and 31 SCC patients using non-SiPM PET.

Reversible increase in stress-associated neurobiological activity in the acute phase of Takotsubo syndrome; a brain F-FDG-PET study.

Introduction: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is triggered mostly by physical and/or emotional stress that is processed in stress-associated brain regions, including the amygdala. However, it remains unclear whether such stress-induced brain activity is associated with TTS onset.

Methods And Results: We acquired brain [F]-2-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography in 4 TTS patients (44-82 yrs.

Echolalia in patients with primary progressive aphasia.

Objective: This study aimed to examine echolalia and its related symptoms and brain lesions in primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Methods: Forty-five patients with PPA were included: 19 nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA (nfvPPA), 5 semantic variant PPA, 7 logopenic variant PPA, and 14 unclassified PPA patients. We detected echolalia in unstructured conversations.

Prognostic value of FDG-PET radiomics with machine learning in pancreatic cancer.

Patients with pancreatic cancer have a poor prognosis, therefore identifying particular tumor characteristics associated with prognosis is important. This study aims to investigate the utility of radiomics with machine learning using F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in patients with pancreatic cancer. We enrolled 161 patients with pancreatic cancer underwent pretreatment FDG-PET/CT.

Correlation between preoperative F-FDG PET/CT findings and postoperative short-term prognosis in lung cancer patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia after lung resection.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between preoperative 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-d-glucose (F-FDG) PET/CT findings and short-term survival in lung cancer patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 425 patients who underwent lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer without preoperative radiation therapy between November 2012 and October 2017. The maximum SUV (SUVmax) in the IIP area except the lung cancer site was measured in each patient.

[Examination of Optimal Window Size and Acquisition Time of Respiratory-gated PET Image: Phantom Study with a SiPM-based PET/CT Scanner].

Purpose: This phantom study aimed to determine the optimal acquisition window size for phase-based respiratory gating in silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and its acquisition time in respiratory-gated imaging with the optimal window size.

Methods: Images of a moving NEMA IEC Body Phantom Set with hot spheres were acquired. First, the tumor volume and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of images reconstructed using a different window size were evaluated to define the optimal window size.

High detection sensitivity and reliable morphological correlation of PET with a silicon photomultiplier for primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: A positron emission tomography (PET) scanner using a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM PET) in place of a photomultiplier tube significantly improves the spatial and time resolution. It may also improve the evaluation of smaller lesions compared to conventional (non-SiPM) PET scanners. We compared the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), detection sensitivity, and morphological correlation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma between the SiPM PET and non-SiPM PET scanner.

18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Vasculitis Complicated With Relapsing Polychondritis.

We present a case of a 38-year-old woman who complained with cough, fever, and back pain with a weight loss. F-FDG PET/CT to search fever origin revealed uptake in the tracheobronchial and the left auricular cartilage and wall of the thoracic aorta. She underwent biopsy of the left auricle and was diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis (RP) complicating vasculitis.

Clinical implication of myocardial FDG uptake pattern in oncologic PET: retrospective comparison study with stress myocardial perfusion imaging as the reference standard.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical implication of the myocardial FDG uptake patterns by comparing with the results of stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) as the reference standard.

Methods: By reviewing the medical records, 86 pairs of stress MPI and FDG PET/CT of 84 patients who underwent stress MPI and oncologic FDG PET/CT in 1 month were included in this study. The patterns of the myocardial FDG uptake were classified into five patterns such as 'low', 'diffuse', 'basal ring', 'focal high', and 'focal defect on diffuse high'.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation and cognitive function in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms of cognitive impairment and reversibility in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with special reference to cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Methods And Results: We examined 15 elderly patients with severe AS (mean age 83.2±4.

Prognosis and risk stratification in cardiac sarcoidosis patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Background: Although recent reports showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a prognostic factor in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), advances in diagnostic imaging have enabled us to detect CS patients with preserved LVEF in the early stage of the disorder. In the present study, we examined the prognosis and risk stratification in CS patients with preserved LVEF.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively examined 91 consecutive CS patients at our hospital from October 1998 to December 2015 (age, 57±11 years; male/female, 25/66) for the relationship between LVEF and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT/VF), heart failure (HF) admission, complete atrioventricular block, and all-cause death.