Conversion of Mevalonate to Isoprenol Using Light Energy in without Consuming Sugars for ATP Supply.

Bioconversion of key intermediate metabolites such as mevalonate into various useful chemicals is a promising strategy for microbial production. However, the conversion of mevalonate into isoprenoids requires a supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Light-driven ATP regeneration using microbial rhodopsin is an attractive module for improving the intracellular ATP supply.

Optogenetic reprogramming of carbon metabolism using light-powering microbial proton pump systems.

In microbial fermentative production, ATP regeneration, while crucial for cellular processes, conflicts with efficient target chemical production because ATP regeneration exhausts essential carbon sources also required for target chemical biosynthesis. To wrestle with this dilemma, we harnessed the power of microbial rhodopsins with light-driven proton pumping activity to supplement with ATP, thereby facilitating the bioproduction of various chemicals. We first demonstrated a photo-driven ATP supply and redistribution of metabolic carbon flows to target chemical synthesis by installing already-known delta rhodopsin (dR) in Escherichia coli.

Photoreactions of Ozone-Tetrahydrothiophene, Ozone-Pyrrolidine, and Ozone-Thiazolidine Complexes Studied Using Matrix-Isolation IR and Visible Absorption Spectroscopies.

The photoreactions of molecular complexes composed of O and three 5-membered heterocyclic compounds, tetrahydrothiophene (THT), pyrrolidine (PyD), and thiazolidine (TAD), are systematically investigated using matrix-isolation infrared (IR) and UV-visible spectroscopies. Two visible-light absorption bands appear in the visible spectra obtained for O-THT and O-PyD, whereas four bands are observed for O-TAD, which contains both N and S atoms in the heterocyclic ring. Upon visible-light irradiation, O-THT and O-PyD form their corresponding oxide derivatives, tetrahydrothiophene-1-oxide and pyrrolidine--oxide.

Visible-light-Induced Reaction of an Ozone-Trimethylamine Complex Studied by Matrix-Isolation IR and Visible Absorption Spectroscopies.

A visible-light-induced reaction of an O-trimethylamine (TMA) complex isolated in low-temperature noble-gas matrices is investigated by infrared (IR) and visible absorption spectroscopies using the DFT calculation. The complex isolated in a Ne matrix yields trimethylamine--oxide (TMAO) upon irradiation (λ ≥ 800 nm) by dissociation of O. When the wavelength of radiation is changed to λ = 455 nm, two stable conformers of dimethylaminomethanol (DMAM) are recognized besides TMAO.

The effect of long-term past glycemic control on executive function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show more executive dysfunction than nondiabetics. However, how long poor glycemic control affects executive function remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationships in a cross-sectional study.

Effect of precise control of flux ratio between the glycolytic pathways on mevalonate production in Escherichia coli.

Mevalonate is a useful metabolite synthesized from three molecules of acetyl-CoA, consuming two molecules of NADPH. Escherichia coli ( E. coli) catabolizes glucose to acetyl-CoA via several routes, such as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) and the oxidative pentose phosphate (oxPP) pathways.

Development of microsatellite markers for the wind cave-associated shrub subsp. (Caprifoliaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the wind cave-associated shrub subsp. to conduct phylogeographic studies on the species.

Methods And Results: Based on the sequence data obtained by 454 sequencing, a total of 81 primer pairs were designed and 18 successfully amplified the microsatellite regions.