Long-term tropospheric ozone pollution disrupts plant-microbe-soil interactions in the agroecosystem.

Tropospheric ozone (O ) threatens agroecosystems, yet its long-term effects on intricate plant-microbe-soil interactions remain overlooked. This study employed two soybean genotypes of contrasting O -sensitivity grown in field plots exposed elevated O (eO ) and evaluated cause-effect relationships with their associated soil microbiomes and soil quality. Results revealed long-term eO effects on belowground soil microbiomes and soil health surpass damage visible on plants.

The interaction of O and CO concentration, exposure timing and duration on stem rust severity on winter wheat variety 'Coker 9553'.

Wheat rusts, elevated ozone (O), and carbon dioxide (CO) are simultaneously impacting wheat production worldwide, but their interactions are not well understood. This study investigated whether near-ambient O is suppressive or conducive to stem rust (Sr) of wheat, considering the interactions with ambient and elevated CO. Winter wheat variety 'Coker 9553' (Sr-susceptible; O sensitive) was inoculated with Sr (race QFCSC) following pre-treatment with four different concentrations of O (CF, 50, 70, and 90 ppbv) at ambient CO levels.

A Rapid Alkalinization Factor-like Peptide EaF82 Impairs Tapetum Degeneration during Pollen Development through Induced ATP Deficiency.

In plants, the timely degeneration of tapetal cells is essential for providing nutrients and other substances to support pollen development. Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are small, cysteine-rich peptides known to be involved in various aspects of plant development and growth, as well as defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most of them remain unknown, while no RALF has been reported to involve tapetum degeneration.

Microbial community dynamics responding to nutrient allocation associated with soybean cultivar 'Jake' ozone adaptation.

Tropospheric ozone (O), a major air pollutant, leads to significant global yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.].

Warming and elevated ozone induce tradeoffs between fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate organic carbon decomposition.

Climate warming and elevated ozone (eO) are important climate change components that can affect plant growth and plant-microbe interactions. However, the resulting impact on soil carbon (C) dynamics, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains unclear. Here, we show that warming, eO, and their combination induce tradeoffs between roots and their symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and stimulate organic C decomposition in a nontilled soybean agroecosystem.

Transformation of Long-Lived Albino 'Golden Pothos' and Restoring Chloroplast Development.

Chloroplasts are organelles responsible for chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and biosynthesis of many metabolites, which are one of key targets for crop improvement. Elucidating and engineering genes involved in chloroplast development are important approaches for studying chloroplast functions as well as developing new crops. In this study, we report a long-lived albino mutant derived from a popular ornamental plant 'Golden Pothos' which could be used as a model for analyzing the function of genes involved in chloroplast development and generating colorful plants.

Impact of elevated ozone on yield and carbon-nitrogen content in soybean cultivar 'Jake'.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is a pollutant that leads to significant global yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.].

Tropospheric ozone rapidly decreases root growth by altering carbon metabolism and detoxification capability in growing soybean roots.

High tropospheric ozone (O) concentrations lead to significant global soybean (Glycine max) yield reductions. Research concerning O impacts on soybean has focused on the contributions of above-ground tissues. In this study, Mandarin (Ottawa) (O-sensitive) and Fiskeby III (O-tolerant) soybean genotypes provide contrasting materials to investigate O effects on root growth.

Chromosome Location Contributing to Ozone Tolerance in Wheat.

Breeding wheat for higher grain yield can contribute to global food security and sustainable production on less land. Tropospheric ozone can injure wheat plants and subsequently reduce grain yield. Identification of ozone tolerance in the wheat genome can assist plant breeders in developing new sources of tolerant germplasm.

Leaf Traits That Contribute to Differential Ozone Response in Ozone-Tolerant and Sensitive Soybean Genotypes.

Ozone (O) is a phytotoxic air pollutant that limits crop productivity. Breeding efforts to improve yield under elevated O conditions will benefit from understanding the mechanisms that contribute to O tolerance. In this study, leaf gas exchange and antioxidant metabolites were compared in soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.

Ethylenediurea (EDU) pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of elevated O on Populus alba "Berolinensis" in an urban area.

Ethylenediurea (EDU) has been used as a chemical protectant against ozone (O). However, its protective effect and physiological mechanisms are still uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the changes of foliar visible injury, physiological characteristics and emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in one-year-old Populus alba "Berolinensis" saplings pretreated with EDU and exposed to elevated O (EO, 120 μg/m).

Closing the global ozone yield gap: Quantification and cobenefits for multistress tolerance.

Increasing both crop productivity and the tolerance of crops to abiotic and biotic stresses is a major challenge for global food security in our rapidly changing climate. For the first time, we show how the spatial variation and severity of tropospheric ozone effects on yield compare with effects of other stresses on a global scale, and discuss mitigating actions against the negative effects of ozone. We show that the sensitivity to ozone declines in the order soybean > wheat > maize > rice, with genotypic variation in response being most pronounced for soybean and rice.

Atmospheric CO Enrichment and Reactive Nitrogen Inputs Interactively Stimulate Soil Cation Losses and Acidification.

Reactive N inputs (Nr) may alleviate N-limitation of plant growth and are assumed to help sustain plant responses to the rising atmospheric CO (eCO). However, Nr and eCO may elicit a cascade reaction that alters soil chemistry and nutrient availability, shifting the limiting factors of plant growth, particularly in acidic tropical and subtropical croplands with low organic matter and low nutrient cations. Yet, few have so far examined the interactive effects of Nr and eCO on the dynamics of soil cation nutrients and soil acidity.

Protecting the photosynthetic performance of snap bean under free air ozone exposure.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is a major air pollutant and causes serious injury to vegetation. To protect sensitive plants from O damage, several agrochemicals have been assessed, including cytokinin (e.g.

RNA-Seq study reveals genetic responses of diverse wild soybean accessions to increased ozone levels.

Background: Ozone is an air pollutant widely known to cause a decrease in productivity in many plant species, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). While the response of cultivated soybean to ozone has been studied, very little information is available regarding the ozone response of its wild relatives.

Stable isotopic composition of perchlorate and nitrate accumulated in plants: Hydroponic experiments and field data.

Natural perchlorate (ClO) in soil and groundwater exhibits a wide range in stable isotopic compositions (δCl, δO, and ΔO), indicating that ClO may be formed through more than one pathway and/or undergoes post-depositional isotopic alteration. Plants are known to accumulate ClO, but little is known about their ability to alter its isotopic composition. We examined the potential for plants to alter the isotopic composition of ClO in hydroponic and field experiments conducted with snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Accumulation of high OPDA level correlates with reduced ROS and elevated GSH benefiting white cell survival in variegated leaves.

Variegated 'Marble Queen' (Epipremnum aureum) plant has white (VMW) and green (VMG) sectors within the same leaf. The white sector cells containing undifferentiated chloroplasts are viable, but the underlying mechanism for their survival and whether these white cells would use any metabolites as signal molecules to communicate with the nucleus for maintaining their viability remain unclear. We analyzed and compared phytohormone levels with their precursors produced in chloroplasts between VMW and VMG, and further compared their transcriptomes to understand the consequences related to the observed elevated 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA), which was 9-fold higher in VMW than VMG.

Application and further characterization of the snap bean S156/R123 ozone biomonitoring system in relation to ambient air temperature.

Increased mixing ratios of ground-level ozone (O) threaten individual plants, plant communities and ecosystems. In this sense, O biomonitoring is of great interest. The O-sensitive S156 and the O-tolerant R123 genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Phenotypic variation and identification of quantitative trait loci for ozone tolerance in a Fiskeby III × Mandarin (Ottawa) soybean population.

Soybean quantitative trait loci for ozone response. Ground-level ozone reduces yield in crops such as soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.

RNA-seq analysis reveals genetic response and tolerance mechanisms to ozone exposure in soybean.

Background: Oxidative stress caused by ground level ozone is a contributor to yield loss in a number of important crop plants. Soybean (Glycine max) is considered to be ozone sensitive, and current research into its response to oxidative stress is limited. To better understand the genetic response in soybean to oxidative stress, an RNA-seq analysis of two soybean cultivars was performed comparing an ozone intolerant cultivar (Mandarin-Ottawa) and an ozone resistant cultivar (Fiskeby III) following exposure to ozone.

Differential expression of a novel gene EaF82a in green and yellow sectors of variegated Epipremnum aureum leaves is related to uneven distribution of auxin.

EaF82, a gene identified in previous studies of the variegated plant Epipremnum aureum, exhibited a unique expression pattern with greater transcript abundance in yellow sectors than green sectors of variegated leaves, but lower abundance in regenerated pale yellow plants than in green plants derived from leaf tissue culture. Studies of its full-length cDNA and promoter region revealed two members with only the EaF82a expressed. Immunoblotting confirmed that EaF82a encodes a 12 kDa protein and its accumulation consistent with its gene expression patterns in different color tissues.