Associations of cognitive decline with outcomes of cardiovascular rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Background: Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often contending with various comorbidities including cognitive decline. Cognitive decline is a risk marker for adverse outcomes in these patients. On the other hand, cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR) improves clinical outcomes.

Orthostatic Heart Rate Changes and Prognostic Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure.

Background: Heart rate typically increases during postural changes from a supine to a standing position due to autonomic and hemodynamic factors. Changes in heart rate during orthostasis may reflect the extent of autonomic dysfunction in patients with heart failure (HF). Thus, orthostatic heart rate changes may be useful for evaluating autonomic function and may predict prognosis.

Association Between Amount of Physical Activity and Clinical Outcomes After Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Survivors.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity before the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and clinical outcomes in cancer survivors.

Methods And Results: We analyzed 904 cancer survivors (median age [interquartile range] 75 [68-80] years; 297 [32.9%] patients were female) who required hospitalization for treatment of CVD.

The Benefits of Early Rehabilitation for Patients With Acute Heart Failure Requiring IV Inotropic Drugs.

Objectives: The benefits of early rehabilitation for patients with acute heart failure (HF) requiring IV inotropic drugs have yet to be determined. We investigated the association between early rehabilitation and short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute HF requiring IV inotropic drugs.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Association Between Changes in Skeletal Muscle Quality and Prognosis in Postoperative Patients with Early Gastric Cancer.

Background: Identifying accurate prognostic factors is crucial for postoperative management of early gastric cancer (EGC) patients. Skeletal muscle quality (SMQ), defined by muscle density on computed tomography (CT) images, has been proposed as a novel prognostic factor. This study compared the prognostic significance of SMQ changes with the well-established factor of body weight (BW) loss in the postoperative EGC setting.

Age-Dependent Relationship of Physical Inactivity With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Analysis of a Large Japanese Cohort.

Background: There have been limited studies examining age-dependent associations between physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to clarify the age-dependent relationship of physical inactivity with incident CVD.

Methods: We analyzed 1,097,424 participants, aged 18 to 105 years, without histories of CVD, enrolled in the DeSC database (median age, 63 years; 46.

Cancer history and physical function in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) cause skeletal muscle mass loss, thereby increasing the likelihood of a poor prognosis. We investigated the association between cancer history and physical function and their combined association with prognosis in patients with CVD. We retrospectively reviewed 3,796 patients with CVD (median age: 70 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 61-77 years) who had undergone physical function tests (gait speed and 6-minute walk distance [6MWD]) at discharge.

Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors.

Background: The risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high in cancer survivors. Although metabolic syndrome is an established risk factor for CVD, its association with cancer survivors has not yet been established. This study aimed to clarify whether metabolic syndrome is associated with subsequent CVD risk in patients with cancer using a nationwide epidemiological dataset.

Screening for sarcopenia with SARC-F in older patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease.

Aims: SARC-F ≥ 4 points are used for detecting sarcopenia; however, finding a lower SARC-F cut-off value may lead to early detection of sarcopenia. We investigated the SARC-F score with the highest sensitivity and specificity values to identify sarcopenia in older patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Motor performances were also examined for each SARC-F score.

Clinical Impact of Improvement in Sarcopenia through Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Heart Failure.

Objectives: Sarcopenia in patients with heart failure (HF) is associated with poor prognosis. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) decreases the incidence of adverse events in patients with HF. However, the clinical implications of improving sarcopenia status through CR remain unclear.

Association of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease With Risk of HF and AF.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel concept of hepatic disease. Although the prevalences of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasing worldwide, limited data have assessed the extent to which MAFLD is associated with incident HF and AF.

Objectives: The authors sought to examine the association of MAFLD with incident HF and AF.

Leg strength and incidence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Aims: The risk of developing heart failure (HF) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains high. It is unclear whether skeletal muscle strength, in addition to existing risk factors, is a predictor for developing HF after ACS. We aimed to clarify the relationship between quadriceps isometric strength (QIS), a skeletal muscle strength indicator, and the risk of developing HF in patients with ACS.

Association of sarcopenia defined by different skeletal muscle mass measurements with prognosis and quality of life in older patients with heart failure.

Background: Diagnosing sarcopenia in heart failure (HF) patients is important, but how to assess skeletal muscle mass in HF patients with fluid retention is controversial. We aimed to examine the association between sarcopenia, defined by different skeletal muscle mass measurements, and clinical outcomes in older HF patients.

Methods: We included 546 older HF patients (≥ 65 years) who were assessed for sarcopenia at discharge (median age 77 years, 309 males).

The Association between the Level of Ankle-Brachial Index and the Risk of Poor Physical Function in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.

Aims: The progression of atherosclerosis and decline in physical function are poor prognostic factors in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a widely used indicator of the degree of progression of atherosclerosis, which may be used to identify patients with CVD who are at risk of poor physical function. This study examined the association between ABI and poor physical function in patients with CVD.

Association Between Early Initiation of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Short-Term Outcomes of Patients With Acute Heart Failure Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a promising therapeutic option for chronic heart failure (HF). However, the extent to which early rehabilitation is beneficial for patients receiving critical care remains controversial. This study examined the association between the early initiation of CR and the short-term clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute HF.

Association between walking speed early after admission and all-cause death and/or re-admission in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Aims: Patients with heart failure (HF) frequently experience decreased physical function, including walking speed. Slower walking speed is associated with poorer prognosis. However, most of these reports focused on patients with stable HF, and the relationship between walking speed in acute phase and clinical outcomes is unclear.

Association of four health behaviors in Life's Essential 8 with the incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Background: The association between health behaviors and the risk of developing hypertension and diabetes is not fully understood. We aimed to examine the association between four health behaviors involved in Life's Essential 8, the American Heart Association's key measures for improving and maintaining cardiovascular health, and the incidence of hypertension and diabetes.

Methods: This observational cohort study used the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2021, which is a health check-up and claims database.

Prognostic Utility of Skeletal Muscle Mass Metrics in Patients With Heart Failure.

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with risks of various adverse outcomes, and the assessment of skeletal muscle mass is necessary for its diagnosis. However, heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterised by fluid retention, which affects muscle mass measurements. Different measurement methods have been reported to have different prognostic implications.

Trajectory of Abdominal Skeletal Muscle Changes During Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Aortic Disease.

Objective: This study focused on routine computed tomography imaging for aortic disease management and evaluated the trajectory of skeletal muscle changes through inpatient and outpatient cardiac rehabilitation.

Design: Prospective observational study included patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography three times (baseline, postacute care, and follow-up). The area and density of the all-abdominal and erector spine muscles and intramuscular adipose tissue were measured.

Subjective Gait Speed and Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Events in 56,589 Cancer Survivors.

Despite having a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are currently limited data for stratifying CVD risk among cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to uncover the relationship of subjective gait speed with incident CVD among cancer survivors.This retrospective observational cohort study analyzed data from the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2021 including 56,589 patients with a prior history of breast, colorectal, or stomach cancer but no history of CVD.

Association of Body Mass Index and Its Change With Incident Diabetes Mellitus.

Context: There have been insufficient data on the threshold of body mass index (BMI) for developing diabetes mellitus (DM) and the relationship between change in BMI and the subsequent risk of DM.

Objective: We sought to clarify the association of BMI and its change with incident DM.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study using the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2021.

Association of early acute-phase rehabilitation initiation on outcomes among patients aged ≥90 years with acute heart failure.

Background: Data on the potential benefit of acute-phase rehabilitation initiation in very old (aged ≥90) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) have been scarce.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, which is a nationwide inpatient database. This study included patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) from January 2010 to March 2018, those aged ≥90 years, who had a length of stay of ≥3 days, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class of ≥II, and had not undergone major procedures under general anesthesia.