Association between the Monthly Visit Behavior and CPAP Adherence in OSAS Patients.

Objective Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) causes multiple breathing interruptions during sleep and increases mortality if left untreated. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy improves the prognosis of OSAS; however, patient adherence is often poor. This study investigated the relationship between monthly hospital visits and CPAP adherence to CPAP therapy in patients with OSAS.

Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula on pulmonary rehabilitation in subjects with chronic respiratory failure.

Background: The effects of exercise training using both high fraction of inspired oxygen (FO) and high flow oxygen delivered through a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on exercise capacity in patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) are unknown.

Methods: In this randomized study, 32 patients with CRF receiving LTOT were assigned to undergo 4 weeks of exercise training on a cycle ergometer using an HFNC (flow: 50 L/min) with a FO of 1.0 (HFNC group; n = 16) or ordinary supplemental oxygen via a nasal cannula (flow: 6 L/min) (oxygen group; n = 16).

Low Levels of PaO after Long-term Noninvasive Ventilation are a Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients with Restrictive Thoracic Disease.

Objective The effects of partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO) after introducing long-term noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on the prognosis of patients with restrictive thoracic disease and chronic respiratory failure are not exactly known. Methods Data from 141 patients with restrictive thoracic disease under long-term nocturnal NIV were retrospectively examined. We divided the patients into 2 groups according to the daytime PaO value while breathing spontaneously with prescribed oxygen at 12 months after introducing NIV: PaO≥80 Torr group (n=76) and PaO<80 Torr group (n=65).

The Importance of Stabilizing PaCO2 during Long-term Non-invasive Ventilation in Subjects with COPD.

Objective: In subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the effect of partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) alterations during long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on continuance remains uncertain. We herein investigated the utility of PaCO2 stability during long-term NIV as a prognostic outcome.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed data from 54 subjects with COPD who received long-term NIV.

The importance of controlling PaCO₂ throughout long-term noninvasive ventilation.

Background: The significance of changes in P(aCO2) during long-term noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on prognosis remains unclear. We aimed to clarify whether stabilizing P(aCO2) during NIV had a favorable prognostic effect.

Methods: Data from 190 subjects with restrictive thoracic disease and who received long-term NIV were studied retrospectively.

Associations among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sleep-disordered breathing in an urban male working population in Japan.

Background: There are few reports about sleep disturbances in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Asian countries.

Objectives: To investigate the associations between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) with hypoxemia and sleep quality, including sleep duration, in patients with COPD, we measured SDB and sleep quality including the objective sleep duration determined by an actigraph and portable monitoring.

Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological health survey of 303 male employees (means ± SD: age 43.

Association between sleep apnea, sleep duration, and serum lipid profile in an urban, male, working population in Japan.

Background: Dyslipidemia is often comorbid with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but few population-based studies have investigated their relationship. Short sleep duration is associated with hypertension and diabetes; however, its association with dyslipidemia is not well known. We investigated relationships among OSA, sleep duration, and the lipid profile in a community-based study.

Relationships of decreased lung function with metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in Japanese males.

Objective: Decreased lung function as assessed by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) is shown to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms for this association remain unknown, metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may have a role. We analyzed the relationships between metabolic syndrome and OSA in a cross-sectional health survey of middle-aged male employees.

Differences in relationships among sleep apnoea, glucose level, sleep duration and sleepiness between persons with and without type 2 diabetes.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is common in patients with diabetes. Recently, it was reported that short sleep duration and sleepiness had deleterious effects on glucose metabolism. Thereafter, several reports showed relationships between glucose metabolism and obstructive sleep apnoea, sleep duration or sleepiness.

[Pneumonitis induced by rifampicin].

An 86-year-old male with pulmonary tuberculosis developed fever, rash, and interstitial pneumonia 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment with isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), and ethambutol (EB). Chest CT showed new infiltration shadows that were diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities mixed with dense consolidation and septal thickening, accompanied by a small amount of pleural effusion. Drug-induced pneumonitis was suspected, and therefore the antituberculous regimen was discontinued.

PaCO2 six months after the initiation of long-term noninvasive ventilation in patients with COPD.

Background And Objective: The appropriate target level for PaCO(2) after the introduction of long-term noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with COPD remains uncertain, and therefore must be tested.

Methods: Data on 54 patients with COPD receiving long-term domiciliary NPPV were examined retrospectively. PaCO(2) a few months after NPPV and potential confounders were analyzed with discontinuation of long-term NPPV as the primary outcome.

Effects of the presence of hypertension on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and sleepiness.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) plays a significant role in increasing blood pressure. Significant decreases were reported in blood pressure of hypertensive OSA patients with sleepiness who underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, but not in non-sleepy hypertensive OSA patients. More recently, however, significant decreases in blood pressure in non-sleepy hypertensive OSA patients following CPAP were shown.

[A case of squamous cell lung carcinoma with gastric metastasis diagnosed by gastroendoscopic biopsy].

A 59-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to of a right pulmonary hilar mass shadow found on a chest X-ray film in October 2008. Bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy at that time revealed squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical stage was IIIB (T4N2M0).

Importance of the PaCO(2) from 3 to 6 months after initiation of long-term non-invasive ventilation.

Background: The level at which arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO(2)) a few months after introduction of long-term non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is associated with a favorable prognosis remains uncertain.

Methods: Data on 184 post-tuberculosis patients with chronic restrictive ventilatory failure who were receiving long-term domiciliary NPPV were examined retrospectively. Average PaCO(2) 3-6 months after NPPV (3- to 6-mo PaCO(2)) and potential confounders were analyzed with discontinuation of long-term NPPV as the primary outcome.

Associations between obstructive sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome, and sleep duration, as measured with an actigraph, in an urban male working population in Japan.

Background: Severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), metabolic syndrome (Mets) and short sleep duration are all risk factors for cardiovascular events. There has been no report which has investigated this relationship in an age- and BMI-matched population-based study. The prevalence of OSA in Mets subjects has not been established, although the converse (i.

Importance of ventilator mode in long-term noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.

Background: Long-term noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is associated with an excellent survival rate, especially in post-tuberculosis patients. Nothing is currently known on which method of ventilatory support is associated with a better continuation of long-term NPPV, which itself might lead to longer survival.

Methods: One hundred and eighty four post-tuberculosis patients, who started NPPV at the Kyoto University Hospital group and the National Tokyo Hospital from June 1990 to August 2007, were examined retrospectively.

Acylated ghrelin level in patients with OSA before and after nasal CPAP treatment.

Background And Objective: Patients with newly diagnosed OSA have been reported to have recent weight gain prior to diagnosis. Ghrelin stimulates food intake and increases weight gain. Plasma ghrelin is decreased in obese and increased in lean individuals.

Sleep-disordered breathing in the usual lifestyle setting as detected with home monitoring in a population of working men in Japan.

Study Objectives: To examine (1) the prevalence of home-monitored sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a Japanese working population and (2) whether home monitoring with a type 3 portable monitor and actigraphy can produce reliable data to analyze SDB in usual lifestyles.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on a group of employees at a wholesale company in Osaka, Japan. Examinations by physicians and by sleep monitoring were also performed.

Plasma thioredoxin, a novel oxidative stress marker, in patients with obstructive sleep apnea before and after nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, and oxidative stress was suggested to play an important role. We hypothesized that the plasma TRX level, a novel oxidative stress marker, is elevated in OSA patients. Plasma TRX and adiponectin levels, which are significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality, were measured in 41 patients with severe OSA before (n = 41) and after (n = 27) nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy (nCPAP) for 1 month and in 12 subjects without OSA (non-OSA group).

Falls in blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea after long-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

Objectives: Effective treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) lowers blood pressure (BP). The long-term effects of nCPAP treatment on BP in OSA patients are not well known. The time period of such treatment sufficient to lower BP in OSA patients is also not known.

Living donor liver transplantation with noninvasive ventilation for exertional heat stroke and severe rhabdomyolysis.

A 16-year-old male with exertional heat stroke (EHS) had extensive hepatocellular damage, severe rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and coma. Hemodiafiltration was started on day 2 and living donor liver transplantation was performed on day 3. He received continuous mechanical ventilation with intubation before and after the surgery.

Resistant hepatic hydrothorax: a successful case with treatment by nCPAP.

Hepatic hydrothorax is defined as pleural effusion with liver cirrhosis but no primary cardiopulmonary disease. Hepatic hydrothorax is often resistant to various therapeutic interventions. The most likely cause is the transfer of ascites fluid from the abdomen to the pleural space via the diaphragm because of a negative intrathoracic pressure gradient.

Noninvasive ventilation for pediatric patients including those under 1-year-old undergoing liver transplantation.

Pulmonary complications are an important cause of the mortality associated with liver transplantation. The efficacy of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in pediatric patients following transplantation is unknown. The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the effects of NIV for pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Corrected QT dispersion and cardiac sympathetic function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Study Objectives: Hypoxemia increases corrected QT dispersion (QTcD), which is the difference between the maximum and minimum QT intervals and is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the QTcD in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and the relationship between the QTcD and (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac imaging, which reflects cardiac sympathetic activity.

Setting: A university hospital.