Influences of topography on nitrate export from forested watersheds on Yakushima Island, a Natural World Heritage site.

In East Asia, high levels of atmospheric nitrogen are deposited onto land. This could elevate the nitrate levels in coastal waters river runoff, even from areas where anthropogenic sources are minimal. It is important to identify NO sources in river water and the mechanisms involved in NO runoff.

The giant mycoheterotrophic orchid Erythrorchis altissima is associated mainly with a divergent set of wood-decaying fungi.

The climbing orchid Erythrorchis altissima is the largest mycoheterotroph in the world. Although previous in vitro work suggests that E. altissima has a unique symbiosis with wood-decaying fungi, little is known about how this giant orchid meets its carbon and nutrient demands exclusively via mycorrhizal fungi.