Cortico-muscular interaction to monitor the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation pedaling training in chronic stroke.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been widely utilized in post-stroke motor restoration. However, its impact on the closed-loop sensorimotor control process remains largely unclear. This is the first study to investigate the directional changes in cortico-muscular interactions after repetitive rehabilitation training by measuring the noninvasive electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) signals.

Effects of Electromyographically-driven Neuromuscular Stimulatio Cycling System on the Lower-Limb of Stroke Survivors.

This paper describes the design of an Electromyographically(EMG)-driven Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) cycling system. It utilises real-time EMG from actively participating stroke survivors as feedback control to drive the cycling system for rehabilitation. The user controls the speed of the cycling system using muscle activities of the side affected recorded by EMG electrodes.

Design of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling System for Lower-Limb Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients.

The active participation of the stroke survivor during Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) cycling system is an interesting question that we would like to investigate, since active rehabilitation can promote a better motor function recovery than passive training. In this pilot study, a smart FES cycling system which can assess the participants cycling effort was proposed to record real-time Electromyography (EMG) and torque during lower limb training for chronic stroke survivors. The rehabilitation goals were to increase the lower-limb muscle strength and enhance the muscle coordination.

The Effectiveness of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) in On-Off Mode for Enhancing the Cycling Performance of Team Phoenix at 2016 Cybathlon.

In this study we designed a Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) trike for a female subject with spinal cord injury to exercise her lower limbs and improve her lower limb muscle condition for attending the 2016 Cybathlon FES bike competition. Our FES pilot was the only female participant, in the FES cycling competition and she rode for Team Phoenix from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Due to the weakness of muscles in the lower limb of the subject, and due to scoliosis over her thoracolumbar aéra, the mechanical structure of the trike had to be tailor-made to ensure she sat on the bike in a safe and secure position.