Publications by authors named "Kennosuke Karube"
Article Synopsis
- Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a type of cancer linked to HTLV-1 virus infection, with the WHO's new 5th Edition classification outlining essential and desirable diagnostic criteria for its identification.
- A new diagnostic method combining HBZ-ISH and tax-PCR enhances detection of HTLV-1 in cases where only preserved tissue samples are available, alongside traditional Southern blot techniques.
- The review addresses the morphological and phenotypic characteristics of ATLL, noting the prevalence of certain phenotypes, genetic abnormalities, and emphasizing the need for further research and classification in understanding the disease's complex nature.
CD5 expression is seen in 5%-10% of de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Primary large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNS-LBCL) also exhibits CD5 expression in a minority of cases, however, clinicopathological and molecular features remain largely unclarified. Here we present the clinical, molecular, and pathological features of 11 CD5-positive () PCNS-LBCL cases, occupying 6.
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- Mutations in the IDH gene are crucial for the development of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, but their role in tumor maintenance and aggressive transformation is still unclear.
- Researchers observed an unusual case of IDH-mutant astrocytoma that transformed into two distinct types: one with IDH mutations and another without, showing differing characteristics in aggression.
- The IDH-wild-type component lacked the IDH mutation due to chromosome loss, and also acquired additional genetic changes, indicating that these tumors may become independent of IDH mutations and develop resistance to treatments targeting those mutations.
Article Synopsis
- - Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare cancer impacting blood vessel linings, with recent research focusing on genetic mutations that could guide targeted drug therapies.
- - Researchers developed a new ex vivo culture system to grow IVLBCL cells from patient-derived xenograft models, allowing for longer cell culture durations and drug testing.
- - Their findings showed that while carfilzomib's effectiveness was hard to determine due to toxicity, ibrutinib proved to be effective and comparable to standard chemotherapy, supporting its potential use in IVLBCL treatment.
Article Synopsis
- * A study involving 61 TLBCL patients analyzed their genetic characteristics compared to nodal DLBCL and primary CNS large B-cell lymphomas; findings indicated that TLBCL has fewer copy number changes but more somatic mutations than nodal DLBCL.
- * The results highlight a unique genetic profile for TLBCL, with most cases classified as MCD, indicating genetic diversity, suggesting that this lymphoma type warrants targeted treatment strategies due to its distinct biology.
MYD88 p.L265P mutation occurs in over 90% of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), which is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) with monoclonal IgM. WM requires careful diagnosis due to overlapping features with other B-cell malignancies.
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- Identifying CD30 expression through immunohistochemistry is crucial for treating lymphomas with CD30-targeting antibody-drug conjugates, but no standardized staining protocol existed prior to this study.
- The research compared three automated immunostaining platforms (Bond III, Dako Omnis, Ventana BenchMark ULTRA) using varying dilutions of a primary antibody to determine effective staining conditions.
- The study found that adjusting antibody dilutions and cutoff values can achieve consistent CD30 staining across different platforms, with high concordance rates for diagnosing peripheral T-cell lymphomas.
In ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), gene rearrangements of and are considered mutually exclusive. The former predicts a favorable prognosis, while the latter is generally unfavorable. We report the first case of ALK-negative ALCL in a leukemic phase with small cell pattern transformation, harboring double-hit rearrangements of the gene by inv(6)(p25q21) and gene by TBL1XR1-TP63 inversion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFollicular lymphoma (FL) is a common type of B-cell lymphoma, accounting for about 20% of all lymphomas. Although FL is primarily characterized by an indolent clinical course, histological transformation (HT) remains one of the significant challenges in managing patients with FL. Here, we present a case of FL with partial large-cell transformation due to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) arising in a 50-year-old Japanese woman with no known immunodeficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a new classification of lymphoid neoplasms, a revision of the previously used Revised 4th Edition of their classification (WHO-4R). However, this means that two classifications are now in simultaneous use: the 5th Edition of the WHO classification (WHO-5) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC). Instead of a comprehensive review of each disease entity, as already described elsewhere, this review focuses on revisions made in both the WHO-5 and ICC from WHO-4R and discrepancies between them regarding B-cell neoplasms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor prognosis, particularly in relapsed or refractory patients. Thus, timely detection of relapse and appropriate disease management are crucial. We present two patients with ENKTL, wherein positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with total-body coverage after induction therapy, detected newly relapsed regions in the bone marrow of the lower leg prior to progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV-posDLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that often presents similar morphological and immune phenotype features to that of EBV-negative DLBCL (EBV-negDLBCL).
Aims And Methods: To better understand their difference in genomic landscape, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of EBV-posDLBCL and EBV-negDLBCL.
Results: This analysis revealed a new mutational signature 17 (unknown) and signature 29 (smoking) in EBV-posDLBCL as well as a specific mutational signature 24 (associated with aflatoxin) in EBV-negDLBCL.
Prognostic impact of highly solid component in early-stage solid lung adenocarcinoma.
Quant Imaging Med Surg
September 2023
Background: Based on computed tomography (CT) findings of lung cancer, solid nodules have a much worse prognosis than subsolid nodules, even if the nodules are subcentimeter in size. There is, however, no systematic method for determining the prognosis of solid tumors on CT. This study aimed to discover the prognostic factor of early-stage solid lung adenocarcinoma using three-dimensional CT volumetry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrection: "The 5th edition of The World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms" Leukemia. 2022 Jul;36(7):1720-1748.
Leukemia
September 2023
Article Synopsis
- Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) can have cells similar to Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells found in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), making it challenging to differentiate between the two.
- A study compared the presence of immunohistochemical markers (STAT6, pSTAT6, and PD-L1) in PTCLs with HRS-like cells and in CHLs, finding that HRS-like cells showed significantly less positivity for these markers.
- The research confirmed that PD-L1, along with STAT6 and pSTAT6, can be useful diagnostic tools to differentiate between CHL and PTCLs with HRS-like cells.
Article Synopsis
- Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a type of T-cell cancer linked to the HTLV-1 virus, characterized by specific immunophenotypes outlined by the 2017 WHO classification which includes several positive and negative markers.
- A study assessing immunohistochemical profiles in 117 ATLL cases revealed that 20% did not fit the typical immunophenotype, with significant findings such as high rates of TCR negativity and associations between specific markers and morphological characteristics.
- No single immunophenotypic marker was found to be predictive of overall survival in ATLL patients, highlighting the complexity of the disease and the need for further research into its diverse profiles.
Follicular T-cell lymphoma (FTCL) is a rare disease, recently defined in the revised WHO classification Tumours of Haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (4th edition). Although angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and FTCL share similar T follicular helper (TFH) cell immunophenotypes and gene mutations, the clinical course of FTCL is not well characterized. Herein, we report the case of a 91-year-old woman with FTCL, who was successfully treated with corticosteroid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an uncommon lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course characterized by selective growth of tumor cells within the vessels. Its pathogenesis is still uncertain and there is little information on the underlying genomic alterations. In this study, we performed a clinicopathologic and next-generation sequencing analysis of 15 cases of IVLBCL using a custom panel for the detection of alterations in 68 recurrently mutated genes in B-cell lymphomagenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of the present study was to clarify clinical outcomes of elderly patients with soft tissue sarcoma who underwent surgery neither with neoadjuvant nor adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 46.3 (range 6.
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- Large-scale molecular profiling and high-throughput sequencing have dramatically improved our understanding of the genomic characteristics of lymphoid neoplasms, leading to better classification and diagnosis of these diseases.
- Despite advancements, current diagnosis primarily relies on morphological assessment and immunophenotyping, with genomic criteria applied only to a few cases.
- The paper discusses the role of advanced molecular testing techniques in enhancing diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment prediction, highlighting their importance for future precision medicine approaches in treating lymphoid malignancies.
Article Synopsis
- The overview discusses the upcoming 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours, specifically focusing on lymphoid neoplasms, while myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms will be covered separately.
- Key changes from the previous 4th edition include a hierarchical reorganization of entities, modifications in their nomenclature, and revisions to diagnostic criteria and subtypes.
- The new edition will also see the deletion of certain entities, the introduction of new ones, and the inclusion of tumour-like lesions and germline predisposition syndromes related to lymphoid neoplasms.
Article Synopsis
- Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a challenging T-cell cancer found in carriers of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1), and recent genomic studies have identified key genetic changes linked to its prognosis.*
- The deregulation of the T-cell receptor/nuclear factor-κB pathway plays a crucial role in the transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells, highlighting possible early diagnostic opportunities for ATLL.*
- A targeted genomic study in Okinawa uncovered significant genetic alterations associated with different HTLV-1 strains, emphasizing the need for understanding these variations for better clinical insights and treatment strategies.*
Carriers of oncogenic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). While an increasing number of animal models of HTLV-1 infection have revealed that malignant tumors with a histiocytic phenotype can arise, they have not been reported in humans. Here, we present a 79-year-old female HTLV-1 carrier who presented with a swollen lymph node.
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