Computed tomographic findings in 25 cats with ear canal neoplasia.

Computed tomography is commonly used to evaluate feline otic disease; however, published studies characterizing the CT appearance of ear canal neoplasia are limited. The purpose of this multicenter, retrospective, secondary analysis, cross-sectional study was to describe the CT features of histopathologically confirmed feline ear canal neoplasia. The CT studies of 25 cats with ear canal neoplasia were prospectively scored by consensus of two veterinary radiologists.

Reverse sneezing as a clinical manifestation of nasopharyngeal-oropharyngeal fistula in a dog.

A 6-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever was evaluated for a 3-month history of intermittent reverse sneezing and gagging episodes. Pertinent findings at evaluation included frequent reverse sneezing and non-productive retching. No pathology was visible on sedated oral examination.

Change over time and agreement between clinical markers of disease resolution in dogs with aspiration-induced lung injury.

Background: There is a lack of consensus regarding which markers of disease resolution to prioritise when assessing treatment response in client-owned dogs with aspiration-induced lung injury. This study describes the change over time and the agreement between the clinical markers used to determine disease resolution.

Methods: Physical examination (PE), owner-reported clinical signs (CS-O), thoracic radiographs (TXR) scores and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined at enrolment, after 24, 48 and 72 hours, and after 7, 14 and 28 days.

A retrospective review of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia with and without prostatitis.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostatic disorder in older intact male dogs, but despite its prevalence, there are inconsistencies in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Although prostate size was historically considered the hallmark feature of BPH in men, currently, there is only a weak correlation between prostate size and clinical severity. We performed a retrospective cohort study with the primary objective of assessing clinical signs, ultrasonographic findings, treatments, and outcomes in dogs diagnosed with BPH, with and without concurrent prostatitis.

Computed tomographic assessment of brain tissue disruption and skull damage in equine cadaveric heads caused by various firearm-ammunition combinations applied as potential gunshot methods for euthanasia of horses.

Objective: To evaluate with CT the characteristics of brain tissue disruption and skull damage in cadaveric heads of adult horses caused by each of 6 firearm-ammunition combinations applied at a novel anatomic aiming point.

Sample: 53 equine cadaveric heads.

Procedures: Heads placed to simulate that of a standing horse were shot with 1 of 6 firearm-ammunition combinations applied at an aiming point along the external sagittal crest of the head where the 2 temporalis muscles form an inverted V.

Biological Behavior of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma Assessed With Computed Tomography and Histopathology: A Comparative Study.

Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) appears to have variable biological behavior with some tumors presenting with slow growth and minimal bone loss while others grow rapidly and cause severe cancellous and cortical bone destruction. The primary aim of the study is to elucidate if variations (grades) of CAA can be identified based on both histological and diagnostic imaging indices, and to compare markers of more aggressive behavior between these 2 commonly used diagnostic tools. This study evaluated 45 cases of CAA and confirmed that there is high degree of variability in tumor invasiveness as measured with computed tomography, with predominantly intraosseous tumors being significantly associated with more invasive behavior.

DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROSTOSIS WITH SECONDARY DYSPHAGIA IN A BLACK-HANDED SPIDER MONKEY ().

A 32-yr-old male black-handed spider monkey () with marked kyphosis and reduced spinal range of motion developed intermittent regurgitation, which was managed with an acid reducer. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) was suspected in this animal due to radiographically evident ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament. At repeat radiographic evaluation 1.

Comparison of T1wFLAIR and T1wTSE sequences in imaging the brain of small animals using high-field MRI.

Background: T1w turbo spin echo (TSE) represents a fundamental sequence in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols investigating the brain. Recent human literature has reported T1w Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery's (FLAIR's), superiority to T1wTSE in relation to tissue contrast for grey-to-white matter (GM-WM) and lesion-to-WM, although conflicting results are reported concerning lesion detection.To the author's knowledge, T1wFLAIR has not been investigated in veterinary medicine.

Catheter occlusion of the dorsal sagittal sinus-confluens sinuum to enable resection of lateral occipital multilobular osteochondrosarcoma in two dogs.

Case Description: A 6-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog (dog 1) and 5-year-old neutered male Boston Terrier (dog 2) were evaluated because of lateralized multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) of the occiput.

Clinical Findings: Diagnostic imaging revealed proliferative bony occipital masses in both dogs and a nodule in the right caudal lung lobe of dog 1. For both dogs, MRI revealed intact flow through the dorsal sagittal sinus (DSS) into 1 transverse sinus.

Use of a platelet-rich plasma-collagen scaffold as a bioenhanced repair treatment for management of partial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs.

Dogs are commonly affected with cruciate ligament rupture (CR) and associated osteoarthritis (OA), and frequently develop a second contralateral CR. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a component of whole blood that contains numerous growth factors, which in combination with a collagen scaffold may act to promote bioenhanced primary repair of ligament. This study tested the hypothesis that treatment of partial stable CR stifles with an intra-articular collagen scaffold and PRP would decrease the disease progression, synovitis and risk of complete CR over a 12-month study period.

Accuracy of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging using detection of fiber loss and a visual analog scale for diagnosing partial and complete cranial cruciate ligament ruptures in dogs.

Canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture is often bilateral and asymmetrical, ranging from partial to complete rupture. The purpose of our diagnostic accuracy study was to assess the accuracy of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of fiber loss and use of a visual analog scale in the diagnosis of complete versus partial cranial cruciate ligament rupture in 28 clinical dogs with unilateral complete rupture and contralateral partial rupture. Three Tesla MRI was performed on 56 stifles using sagittal sequences (T2-weighted fast spin echo with fat saturation, proton density fast spin echo, and T2-weighted 3D fast spin echo CUBE).

Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging predicts severity of cruciate ligament fiber damage and synovitis in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Cruciate ligament rupture (CR) and associated osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition in dogs. Dogs frequently develop a second contralateral CR. This study tested the hypothesis that the degree of stifle synovitis and cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) matrix damage in dogs with CR is correlated with non-invasive diagnostic tests, including magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

COMPARISON OF TRANSVERSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EXCRETORY UROGRAPHY IMAGES AND MAXIMUM INTENSITY PROJECTION IMAGES FOR DIAGNOSING ECTOPIC URETERS IN DOGS.

Computed tomographic maximum intensity projection (MIP) images have been shown to improve reader confidence in their diagnoses and to improve detection of vascular structures and pulmonary nodules. The objectives of this method comparison study were to compare transverse source computed tomographic excretory urography (CTEU) images to two, five, and 10 slab thick MIP images for diagnosing canine ectopic ureters, compare reader confidence, and evaluate interobserver agreement. Two board-certified veterinary radiologists and a board-certified small animal internist blindly reviewed transverse source CTEU and two, five, and 10 slab thick MIP images of 24 dogs enrolled in the study.

3D FSE Cube and VIPR-aTR 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging predicts canine cranial cruciate ligament structural properties.

Estimation of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) structural properties in client-owned dogs with incipient cruciate rupture would be advantageous. The objective of this study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of normal CrCL volume in an ex-vivo canine model predicts structural properties. Stifles from eight dogs underwent 3.

Use of computed tomography for measurement of kidneys in dogs without renal disease.

OBJECTIVE To determine the size of the left and right kidneys by use of CT in dogs of various breeds without evidence of renal disease. DESIGN Retrospective, observational study. ANIMALS 21 client-owned dogs.

Acute resolution of pulmonary alveolar infiltrates in 10 dogs with pulmonary hypertension treated with sildenafil citrate: 2005-2014.

Objective: To describe clinical canine patients with naturally occurring pulmonary hypertension and radiographic pulmonary alveolar infiltrates before and after treatment with sildenafil.

Animals: Ten client-owned dogs.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of dogs with echocardiographically-determined pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary alveolar infiltrates on thoracic radiographs was performed before (PRE) and after (POST) sildenafil therapy.

Osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs: 27 cases (2000-2012).

Objective: To evaluate the signalment, neurologic examination and imaging findings, and outcome in dogs treated medically or surgically for osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (OACSM).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 27 client-owned dogs.

Surgical management of vertebral synovial cysts in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Case Description: An approximately 8-month-old female Miniature Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was evaluated because of an acute onset of progressive paraparesis.

Clinical Findings: The rabbit was ambulatory paraparetic, and results of neurologic examination were consistent with a myelopathy localizing to the T3-L3 spinal cord segments. Evaluation with CT myelography revealed focal extradural spinal cord compression bilaterally at the level of the articular process joints of T12-L1.

Imaging diagnosis-pulmonary-tracheobronchial prolapse in a new Caledonian giant gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus).

A 3-year-old male New Caledonian giant gecko, or Leach's gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus) presented with acute lethargy and coelomic distention. Findings from survey radiographs and an upper gastrointestinal tract contrast study were consistent with severe aerophagia, a collapsed left lung, and hyperinflation of the right lung due to suspected bronchial obstruction. The gecko was treated with conservative medical management, but was found dead 5 days after presentation.

Episodic blindness and ataxia in a horse with cholesterinic granulomas.

An 11-year-old Oldenburg mare presented following three episodes of acute, transient blindness, ataxia, and disorientation within the preceding 7 months. Clinical improvement, including return of vision, occurred within 1 week of initiating corticosteroid therapy for each of the three episodes. However, mild right-sided miosis was a consistent finding on ophthalmic examinations.

Quantitative contrast ultrasound analysis of renal perfusion in normal dogs.

Eight normal dogs with no evidence of renal disease, weighing between 8 and 25 kg were imaged using contrast harmonic ultrasound after injection of a microbubble contrast medium. All dogs received three separate bolus injections of 0.05 ml of commercial contrast medium (Definity).

Suppression of cold ischemic injury in stored kidneys by the antimicrobial peptide bactenecin.

Background: Cold ischemic injury plays an important role in short- and long-term function of kidneys after transplant. Antimicrobial peptides have not previously been studied for their impact on cold ischemia in transplanted kidneys.

Methods: Bactenecin (L- and D-forms) was added to University of Wisconsin (UW) preservation solution for 3-day cold storage of dog kidneys.

Intrathymic injection of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody prolongs murine non-vascularized cardiac allograft survival.

Fas is a pro-apoptotic molecule involved in activation-induced cell-death of T lymphocytes, central and peripheral tolerance and immune privilege. We sought to determine the role of Fas in the thymus after organ transplantation. Heterotopic non-vascularized heart transplants from C3H mice were placed in C57Bl/6 recipients.

Sonographic features of drug-induced splenic congestion.

Drug-induced splenic congestion has been reported in dogs secondary to barbiturate administration. This research attempted to verify and quantify size changes associated with drug-induced splenic congestion in dogs. Transverse plane ultrasound images of the spleen in normal dogs were collected to determine the maximum diameter in the minimum dimension prior to, and 15 min after, administration of acepromazine, thiopental, or propofol.