Feasibility and effectiveness of telerehabilitation on mobility and balance function in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with a significant impact on mobility and balance function. Telerehabilitation is an emerging branch of telemedicine which has the potential to deliver rehabilitation remotely through the use of information and communication technology. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis is to synthesise and analyse the evidence on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation in improving mobility and balance function in MS and to determine its feasibility.

Physical Telerehabilitation interventions for Gait and balance in Multiple sclerosis: A Scoping review.

Background: Gait and balance impairments affects approximately a quarter of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) at onset and increases to almost half by five years. Physical rehabilitation has been recognised as the gold standard method to restore physical function in multiple sclerosis (MS). Emerging evidence in the literature is suggesting that a remote therapy rehabilitation platform (Telerehabilitation) is cost-effective, beneficial, and satisfying for patients and health care practitioners.

Eye movement as a simple, cost-effective tool for people who stutter: A case study.

Background:  Access to services remains the biggest barrier to helping the most vulnerable in the South African Stuttering Community. This novel stuttering therapy, harnessing an unconscious link between eye and tongue movement, may provide a new therapeutic approach, easily communicated and deliverable online.

Objectives:  This study provides both objective and subjective assessments of the feasibility of this intervention.

"The best of a bad situation?" A mixed methods survey exploring patients' perspectives on physiotherapy-led online group exercise programmes.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic saw the migration of many physiotherapy-led group exercise programmes towards online platforms. This online survey aimed to ascertain the patients' views of online group exercise programmes (OGEP), including their satisfaction with various aspects of these programmes, the advantages and disadvantages and usefulness beyond the pandemic.

Methods: A mixed-methods design was utilised with a cross-sectional national online survey of patients who had previously attended a physiotherapy-led OGEP in Ireland.

To assess the effects of cross-education on strength and motor function in post stroke rehabilitation: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cross-education refers to the increase in motor output of the untrained limb following unilateral training of the opposite limb. Cross education has been shown to be beneficial in clinical settings.

Objectives: This systematic literature and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of cross-education on strength and motor function in post stroke rehabilitation.

What are the effects of pilates in the post stroke population? A systematic literature review & meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Pilates, a programme of mind-body exercises is theorised to have beneficial effects on strength, postural control, balance, proprioception, coordination and gait in people with deficits due to a neurological condition. However, the evidence of pilates in stroke patients has never been systemised.

Online neuropilates classes in chronic stroke patients: Protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study.

Introduction: Stroke survivors often demonstrate low physical activity levels and experience barriers to physical exercise including embarrassment, low self-efficacy and a shortage of tailored community exercise programmes. Access to physical activity programmes for stroke survivors could be improved by providing tailored, online programmes, although little is known about the safety and feasibility of online exercise classes for stroke survivors. One such programme of exercise which has received little attention in the literature is neuropilates.

Sensory substitution for orthopaedic gait rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis for clinical practice guideline development.

Introduction: Sensory Substitution is a biofeedback intervention whereby at least sensory system is utilised to supplement environmental information which is traditionally gathered by another sense.

Objective: To present an evidence-based overview of the feasibility and effectiveness of wearable Sensory Substitution devices on gait outcomes in orthopaedic patient populations.

Methods: This Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis was reported according to the PRISMA 2020 statement.

Effects of sensory substituted functional training on balance, gait, and functional performance in neurological patient populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Sensory Substitution (SS) is the use of one sensory modality to supply environmental information normally gathered by another sense while still preserving key functions of the original sense.

Objective: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis summarises and synthesise current evidence and data to estimate the effectiveness of SS supplemented training for improving balance, gait and functional performance in neurological patient populations.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.

Unilateral Strength Training and Mirror Therapy in Patients With Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of mirror-aided cross-education compared with cross-education alone in poststroke upper limb recovery.

Design: A pilot randomized controlled parallel group study was carried out. Thirty-two patients with chronic stroke followed a 4-wk isometric strength training program performed with the less-affected upper limb three times per week.

Unilateral dorsiflexor strengthening with mirror therapy to improve motor function after stroke: A pilot randomized study.

Background: Independently, cross-education, the performance improvement of the untrained limb following unilateral training, and mirror therapy have shown to improve lower limb functioning poststroke. Mirror therapy has shown to augment the cross-education effect in healthy populations. However, this concept has not yet been explored in a clinical setting.

Peak torque, rate of torque development and average torque of isometric ankle and elbow contractions show excellent test-retest reliability.

Background: Peak Torque (PT), Rate of Torque Development (RTD) and Average Torque (AT) over a single contraction assess the three components of muscle function during isometric contractions. Surprisingly, AT has never been reported or its reliability confirmed.

Objectives: This study aims to establish protocol reliability for ankle dorsiflexion and elbow extension isometric muscle function (PT, RTD, AT) in healthy participants using the Biodex System 3 Dynamometer.

Mirror therapy and treadmill training for a patient with chronic stroke: A case report.

Introduction: A large proportion of patients with chronic stroke have permanent lower limb functional disability leading to reduced levels of independent mobility. Individually, both mirror therapy and treadmill training have been shown to improve aspects of lower limb functioning in patients with stroke. This case report examined whether a new combination of both interventions would lead to improvements in lower limb functional disability for a patient with chronic stroke.

Cross-education of strength has a positive impact on post-stroke rehabilitation: a systematic literature review.

Background: Since its discovery in 1894 cross-education of strength - a bilateral adaptation after unilateral training - has been shown to be effective in the rehabilitation after one-sided orthopedic injuries. Limited knowledge exists on its application within the rehabilitation after stroke. This review examined the evidence regarding the implication of cross-education in the rehabilitation of the post-stroke hemiplegic patient and its role in motor function recovery.

Altered neuromuscular control and ankle joint kinematics during walking in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint.

Background: The ankle joint requires very precise neuromuscular control during the transition from terminal swing to the early stance phase of the gait cycle. Altered ankle joint arthrokinematics and muscular activity have been cited as potential factors that may lead to an inversion sprain during the aforementioned time periods. However, to date, no study has investigated patterns of muscle activity and 3D joint kinematics simultaneously in a group of subjects with functional instability compared with a noninjured control group during these phases of the gait cycle.

Changes in lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint during a single leg drop jump.

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in 3D kinematics, kinetics, and ankle joint muscle activity in subjects with functional instability (FI) of the ankle joint during a drop jump. Twenty-four subjects with the subjective complaint of FI of the ankle joint and 24 noninjured control subjects performed 10 single leg drop jumps onto a force-plate. Timing and magnitude of kinetic data, timing of kinematic data, and integrated EMG (IEMG) activity of the rectus femoris, peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles during two 200-ms time periods either side of initial contact (IC) with the ground were analyzed and compared between groups.

Increasing the number of gait trial recordings maximises intra-rater reliability of the CODA motion analysis system.

Objective: This study investigates the optimum number of gait trial recordings to maximise intra-rater reliability with the CODA motion analysis system in a normal population. Potential sources of variability in test-retest experimental procedures will be discussed.

Background: The most recent study by [Maynard V, Bakheit AMO, Oldham J, Freeman J.

Ankle function during gait in patients with chronic ankle instability compared to controls.

Background: Despite much research, the reasons behind the development of chronic ankle instability in individuals post ankle inversion sprain are unknown. Chronic ankle instability has not previously been investigated dynamically using 3D motion analysis during walking. We hypothesised that chronic ankle instability subjects would exhibit a different kinematic and kinetic pattern during normal walking when compared with a control group.