Euthyroid graves' ophthalmopathy in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional follow-up study.

Objectives: A subtype of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) were found to be euthyroid without prior thyroid dysfunction or treatment, known as Euthyroid Graves' Ophthalmopathy (EGO). We report the prevalence, clinical and serological phenotypes of EGO in a Chinese population.

Methods: A cross-sectional follow-up study.

Rapamycin improves Graves' orbitopathy by suppressing CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were recently implicated in immune-mediated inflammation and fibrosis progression of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). However, little is known about therapeutic targeting of CD4+ CTLs. Herein, we studied the effect of rapamycin, an approved mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, in a GO mouse model, in vitro, and in patients with refractory GO.

The good toxin: 10 years of experience with botulinum toxin A in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm.

Purpose: To describe the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A (Botox) in patients with benign essential blepharospasm.

Methods: Retrospective review of operation, injection, and medical records.

Results: Information of 29 patients (nine males) was reviewed, and the average age of benign essential blepharospasm onset was 59.