Facial Cartilaginous Reconstruction-A Historical Perspective, State-of-the-Art, and Future Directions.

Reconstruction of facial deformity poses a significant surgical challenge due to the psychological, functional, and aesthetic importance of this anatomical area. There is a need to provide not only an excellent colour and contour match for skin defects, but also a durable cartilaginous structural replacement for nasal or auricular defects. The purpose of this review is to describe the history of, and state-of-the-art techniques within, facial cartilaginous surgery, whilst highlighting recent advances and future directions for this continually advancing specialty.

Surgical Otoplasty: An Evidence-Based Approach to Prominent Ears Correction.

Otoplasty is one of the first procedures learned during residency. A myriad of surgical techniques and nuances exist. Many have merit, some are ineffective, some destructive, and some frankly fanciful.

Adipocyte pseudohypoxia suppresses lipolysis and facilitates benign adipose tissue expansion.

Prolyl hydroxylase enzymes (PHDs) sense cellular oxygen upstream of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling, leading to HIF degradation in normoxic conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that adipose PHD2 inhibition plays a key role in the suppression of adipocyte lipolysis. Adipose Phd2 gene ablation in mice enhanced adiposity, with a parallel increase in adipose vascularization associated with reduced circulating nonesterified fatty acid levels and normal glucose homeostasis.

Psychological morbidity and facial volume in HIV lipodystrophy: quantification of treatment outcome.

Unlabelled: HIV lipoatrophy is a stigmatizing condition associated with significant psychological morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate change in facial volume and psychological morbidity following treatment with autologous fat, Sculptra and Bio-alcamid.

Methods: HIV LD patients were treated based on a clinical assessment in a prospective, observational study.

Early and late complications of polyalkylimide gel (Bio-Alcamid)®.

This case report summarises early and late of complications that have developed inpatients treated with Bio-Alcamid for HIV-associated facial lipoatrophy and describes the management strategy employed to treat the most serious of these cases.