Advances in human papillomavirus detection for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis: challenges of conventional methods and opportunities for emergent tools.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer and other cancers such as anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The prevention screening and treatment of cervical cancer has remained one of the top priorities of the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2020, the WHO came up with the 90-70-90 strategy aimed at eliminating cervical cancers as a public health problem by the year 2030.

Direct synthesis of PtNi coated with NiB for efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution from seawater.

The design of a protective electron-rich surface is an ideal route to enhance the performance of catalysts. Due to the higher work function of NiB, facile-directed electron transport occurs from PtNi to NiB to enrich electron density on the surface of the NiB shell. This process increases hydrogen adsorption-desorption kinetics and mitigates Cl corrosion.

Hausmannite-Carbon Nanofiber Composite Electrocatalyst for High Areal-Discharge Energy Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery.

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs) have been described as one of the most viable next-generation battery technologies, especially due to their low cost, high capacity, and being environmental-friendly. In this work, hausmannite MnO nanoparticles, obtained from low-cost commercial electrolytic manganese dioxide, were dispersed on conductive multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and investigated for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium and then applied in RZAB cell. The high performance of the CNFs (in terms of electron transfer kinetics) over the CNTs has been associated with its inherent defects and nitrogen content.

Interfacial Electronic Interactions within the Pd-CeO/Carbon Onions Define the Efficient Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Electrolytes.

Porous Pd-based electrocatalysts are promising materials for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs) and ethanol sensors in the development of renewable energy and point-of-contact ethanol sensor test kits for drunk drivers. However, experimental and theoretical investigations of the interfacial interaction among Pd nanocrystals on supports (i.e.

A Solid-State Electrolyte Based on Li Na FePO for Lithium Metal Batteries.

Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) play a crucial role in developing lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with high safety and energy density. Exploring SSEs with excellent comprehensive performance is the key to achieving the practical application of LMBs. In this work, the great potential of Li Na FePO (LNFP) as an ideal SSE due to its enhanced ionic conductivity and reliable stability in contact with lithium metal anode is demonstrated.

Electrochemical Immunosensor for Ultra-Low Detection of Human Papillomavirus Biomarker for Cervical Cancer.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent for cervical cancer. Of the various types of HPV, the high-risk HPV-16 type is the most important antigenic high-risk HPV. In this work, the antigenic HPV-16 L1 peptide was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode and used to detect several concentrations of the anti-HPV-16 L1 antibody, and vice versa.

Correction: Pd/Ni-metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon nanosheets for efficient CO oxidation over a wide pH range.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2NA00455K.].

Onion-like Carbons Provide a Favorable Electrocatalytic Platform for the Sensitive Detection of Tramadol Drug.

This work reports the first study on the possible application of nanodiamond-derived onion-like carbons (OLCs), in comparison with conductive carbon black (CB), as an electrode platform for the electrocatalytic detection of tramadol (an important drug of abuse). The physicochemical properties of OLCs and CB were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The OLC exhibits, among others, higher surface area, more surface defects, and higher thermal stability than CB.

Pd/Ni-metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon nanosheets for efficient CO oxidation over a wide pH range.

Metal nanocrystal ornamented metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of particular interest in multidisciplinary applications; however, their electrocatalytic CO oxidation performance over wide pH ranges is not yet reported. Herein, Ni-MOF-derived hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets (Ni-MOF/PC) with abundant Ni-N sites decorated with Pd nanocrystals (Pd/Ni-MOF/PC) were synthesized by microwave-irradiation (MW-I) followed by annealing at 900 °C and subsequent etching of Ni-MOF/C prior to Pd deposition. The fabrication mechanism comprises the generation of self-reduced reducing gases from triethylamine during the annealing and selective chemical etching of Ni, thereby facilitating the reduction of Ni-anchored MOF and Pd nanocrystal deposition with the aid of ethylene glycol and MW-I to yield Pd/Ni-N enriched MOF/PC.

Pt-Based Nanostructures for Electrochemical Oxidation of CO: Unveiling the Effect of Shapes and Electrolytes.

Direct alcohol fuel cells are deemed as green and sustainable energy resources; however, CO-poisoning of Pt-based catalysts is a critical barrier to their commercialization. Thus, investigation of the electrochemical CO oxidation activity (CO) of Pt-based catalyst over pH ranges as a function of Pt-shape is necessary and is not yet reported. Herein, porous Pt nanodendrites (Pt NDs) were synthesized via the ultrasonic irradiation method, and its CO oxidation performance was benchmarked in different electrolytes relative to 1-D Pt chains nanostructure (Pt NCs) and commercial Pt/C catalyst under the same condition.

Interfacial Carbon Makes Nano-Particulate RuO an Efficient, Stable, pH-Universal Catalyst for Splitting of Seawater.

An electrocatalyst composed of RuO surrounded by interfacial carbon, is synthesized through controllable oxidization-calcination. This electrocatalyst provides efficient charge transfer, numerous active sites, and promising activity for pH-universal electrocatalytic overall seawater splitting. An electrolyzer with this catalyst gives current densities of 10 mA cm at a record low cell voltage of 1.

Pd-Nanoparticles Embedded Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation in Different Electrolytes.

Rational synthesis of Co-ZIF-67 metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon-supported metal nanoparticles is essential for various energy and environmental applications; however, their catalytic activity toward carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation in various electrolytes is not yet emphasized. Co-ZIF-67-derived hierarchical porous carbon nanosheet-supported Pd nanocrystals (Pd/ZIF-67/C) were prepared using a simple microwave-irradiation approach followed by carbonization and etching. Mechanistically, during microwave irradiation, triethyleneamine provides abundant reducing gases that promote the formation of Pd nanoparticles/Co-N in porous carbon nanosheets with the assistance of ethylene glycol and also form a multimodal pore size.

Porous spinel-type transition metal oxide nanostructures as emergent electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions.

Porous spinel-type transition metal oxide (PS-TMO) nanocatalysts comprising two kinds of metal (denoted as ABO, where A, B = Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, V, Sm, Li, and Zn) have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in energy conversion and storage systems (ECSS). This is due to the unique catalytic merits of PS-TMOs (such as p-type conductivity, optical transparency, semiconductivity, multiple valence states of their oxides, and rich active sites) and porous morphologies with great surface area, low density, abundant transportation paths for intermediate species, maximized atom utilization and quick charge mobility. In addition, PS-TMOs nanocatalysts are easily prepared in high yield from Earth-abundant and inexpensive metal precursors that meet sustainability requirements and practical applications.

Stoichiometry design in hierarchical CoNiFe phosphide for highly efficient water oxidation.

Unlabelled: Rational composition design of trimetallic phosphide catalysts is of significant importance for enhanced surface reaction and efficient catalytic performance. Herein, hierarchical Co Ni Fe P with precise control of stoichiometric metallic elements ( = (1-10):(1-10):1) has been synthesized, and CoNiFeP, as the most optimal composition, exhibits remarkable catalytic activity ( = 320 mV at 10 mA cm) and long-term stability (ignorable decrease after 10 h continuous test at the current density of 10 mA cm) toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It is found that the surface P in CoNiFeP was replaced by O under the OER process.

Hierarchically fractal Co with highly exposed active facets and directed electron-transfer effect.

Hierarchically fractal Co with highly exposed active (002) facets, possessing a higher work function and more moderate hydrogen adsorption free energy, has been synthesized a template-free self-assembly method for the directed electron-transfer design of HER catalysts. It shows a great improvement in the HER activity in comparison with that of nanostructured Co.

Platinum Nanocatalysts Supported on Defective Hollow Carbon Spheres: Oxygen Reduction Reaction Durability Studies.

The durability and long-term applicability of catalysts are critical parameters for the commercialization and adoption of fuel cells. Even though a few studies have been conducted on hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) as supports for Pt in oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) catalysis, in-depth durability studies have not been conducted thus far. In this study, Pt/HCSs and Pt/nitrogen-doped HCSs (Pt/NHCSs) were prepared using a reflux deposition technique.

Defect-Engineered β-MnO Precursors Control the Structure-Property Relationships in High-Voltage Spinel LiMnNiO.

This study examines the role of defects in structure-property relationships in spinel LiMnNiO (LMNO) cathode materials, especially in terms of Mn content, degree of disorder, and impurity phase, without the use of the traditional high-temperature annealing (≥700 °C used for making disordered LMNO). Two different phases of LMNO (i.e.

Titanium Vacancies in TiO Nanofibers Enable Highly Efficient Photodriven Seawater Splitting.

Invited for the cover of this issue are Xiao-Yu Yang and co-workers at Wuhan University of Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, University of the Witwatersrand, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. The image depicts Ti vacancies in TiO as powerful drivers of photo- and photo-electrocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen production. Read the full text of the article at 10.

Titanium Vacancies in TiO Nanofibers Enable Highly Efficient Photodriven Seawater Splitting.

Photodriven seawater splitting is considered to be one of the most promising techniques for sustainable hydrogen production. However, the high salinity of seawater would deactivate catalysts and consume the photogenerated carriers. Metal vacancies in metal oxide semiconductors are critical to directed electron transfer and high salinity resistance; they are thus desirable but remain a challenge.

Hierarchically Fractal PtPdCu Sponges and their Directed Mass- and Electron-Transfer Effects.

Fractal Pt-based materials with hierarchical structures and high self-similarity have attracted more and more attention due to their bioinspiring maximum optimization of energy utilization and mass transfer. However, their high-efficiency design of the mass- and electron-transfer still remains to be a great challenge. Herein, fractal PtPdCu hollow sponges (denoted as PtPdCu-HS) facilitating both directed mass- and electron-transfer are presented.

Bovine Serum Albumin-Dependent Charge-Transfer Kinetics Controls the Electrochemical Immunosensitive Detection: as a Model Bioanalyte.

This work investigates how bovine serum albumin (BSA), a commonly used protein in the fabrication of electrochemical immunosensors, can impact on the sensitivity of detection when integrated with antibody (Ab) pre-encapsulated with (i) insulating polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibre (i.e., GCE-PAN-Ab-BSA immunosensor) or (ii) conducting PAN-grafted iron (II) phthalocyanine (FePc) (i.

Ultimate Corrosion to Pt-Cu Electrocatalysts for Enhancing Methanol Oxidation Activity and Stability in Acidic Media.

Alloying platinum (Pt) with transition metals (M), as an established class of electrocatalysts, reduces the use of Pt and improves the electrocatalytic performance. However, the stability of transition metals in nanostructured platinum alloys is a fundamental and practical problem in electrocatalysis, due to leaching of transition metals under acidic operating condition. Here, a corrosion method has been developed for a Pt-Cu electrocatalyst with high activity (6.

Tuning the Nanoporous Structure of Carbons Derived from the Composite of Cross-Linked Polymers for Charge Storage Applications.

Controlling the porosity of carbon-based electrodes is key toward performance improvement of charge storage devices, e.g., supercapacitors, which deliver high power via fast charge/discharge of ions at the electrical double layer (EDL).

PtPd hollow nanocubes with enhanced alloy effect and active facets for efficient methanol oxidation reaction.

We report an alternating-reduction approach by galvanic replacement and co-reduction to enable incorporation of Pd into Pt shell, and the obtained PtPd hollow nanocubes with an enhanced alloy effect and highly active {100} facets show high catalytic activity and superior durability in the methanol oxidation reaction.