Inference of weak-form partial differential equations describing migration and proliferation mechanisms in wound healing experiments on cancer cells.

Targeting signaling pathways that drive cancer cell migration or proliferation is a common therapeutic approach. A popular experimental technique, the scratch assay, measures the migration and proliferation-driven cell closure of a defect in a confluent cell monolayer. These assays do not measure dynamic effects.

MALAMA: Cultivating Food Sovereignty through Backyard Aquaponics with Native Hawaiian Families.

Native Hawaiians were a healthy and robust population who developed a sophisticated food system that was dismantled by colonization. Currently, Native Hawaiians face pervasive health disparities due to the limited access to healthy foods and lifestyles. This study pilot tested a family-based community-driven intervention called MALAMA, which teaches families to build and use a backyard aquaponics system to grow their own food.

Oscillatory ERK Signaling and Morphology Determine Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Cell Chemotaxis via MEK-ERK and p38-MAPK Signaling Pathways.

Chemotaxis, regulated by oscillatory signals, drives critical processes in cancer metastasis. Crucial chemoattractant molecules in breast cancer, CXCL12 and EGF, drive the activation of ERK and Akt. Regulated by feedback and crosstalk mechanisms, oscillatory signals in ERK and Akt control resultant changes in cell morphology and chemotaxis.

Ultrasound-Induced Mechanical Compaction in Acoustically Responsive Scaffolds Promotes Spatiotemporally Modulated Signaling in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Cancer cells continually sense and respond to mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Interaction with the ECM can alter intracellular signaling cascades, leading to changes in processes that promote cancer cell growth, migration, and survival. The present study used a recently developed composite hydrogel composed of a fibrin matrix and phase-shift emulsion, termed an acoustically responsive scaffold (ARS), to investigate effects of local mechanical properties on breast cancer cell signaling.

Iron chelation increases beige fat differentiation and metabolic activity, preventing and treating obesity.

Beige and brown fat consume glucose and lipids to produce heat, using uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). It is thought that full activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may increase total daily energy expenditure by 20%. Humans normally have more beige and potentially beige-able fat than brown fat.

Compression enhances invasive phenotype and matrix degradation of breast Cancer cells via Piezo1 activation.

Background: Uncontrolled growth in solid breast cancer generates mechanical compression that may drive the cancer cells into a more invasive phenotype, but little is known about how such compression affects the key events and corresponding regulatory mechanisms associated with invasion of breast cancer cells including cellular behaviors and matrix degradation.

Results: Here we show that compression enhanced invasion and matrix degradation of breast cancer cells. We also identified Piezo1 as the putative mechanosensitive cellular component that transmitted compression to not only enhance the invasive phenotype, but also induce calcium influx and downstream Src signaling.

Physiologic biomechanics enhance reproducible contractile development in a stem cell derived cardiac muscle platform.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) allow investigations in a human cardiac model system, but disorganized mechanics and immaturity of hPSC-CMs on standard two-dimensional surfaces have been hurdles. Here, we developed a platform of micron-scale cardiac muscle bundles to control biomechanics in arrays of thousands of purified, independently contracting cardiac muscle strips on two-dimensional elastomer substrates with far greater throughput than single cell methods. By defining geometry and workload in this reductionist platform, we show that myofibrillar alignment and auxotonic contractions at physiologic workload drive maturation of contractile function, calcium handling, and electrophysiology.

How Patient Work Changes Over Time for People With Multimorbid Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study.

Background: The experiences of patients change throughout their illness trajectory and differ according to their medical history, but digital support tools are often designed for one specific moment in time and do not change with the patient as their health state changes. This presents a fragmented support pattern where patients have to move from one app to another as they move between health states, and some subpopulations of patients do not have their needs addressed at all.

Objective: This study aims to investigate how patient work evolves over time for those living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic multimorbidity, and explore the implications for digital support system design.

Use of the Xpert Breast Cancer STRAT4 for Biomarker Evaluation in Tissue Processed in a Developing Country.

Objectives: Breast cancer immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarker testing is limited in low-resource settings, and an alternative solution is needed. A point-of-care mRNA STRAT4 breast cancer assay for ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKi67, for use on the GeneXpert platform, has been recently validated on tissues from internationally accredited laboratories, showing excellent concordance with IHC.

Methods: We evaluated STRAT4/IHC ESR1/estrogen receptor (ER), ERBB2/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) concordance rates of 150 breast cancer tissues processed in Rwanda, with undocumented cold ischemic and fixation time.

Case report on metastatic pelvic bone tumor treated with frozen autograft by liquid nitrogen.

Introduction And Importance: Frozen autograft recycling has been used for biological reconstruction of bone defects following tumor excision, more commonly in extremities. We report on the histological outcome of a pelvic recycled frozen autograft.

Case Presentation: We investigated the pelvic frozen autograft removed in 2 years and 8 months after surgery because of soft tissue recurrence in pelvic floor.

A child with acute myeloid leukemia complicated by calcaneal osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium abscessus infection after induction chemotherapy successfully salvaged with bedaquiline and clofazimine.

Our patient was a 4-year-old female with acute myeloid leukemia complicated with right calcaneal osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium abscessus with subcutaneous abscesses extending to the popliteal and groin regions after two courses of induction chemotherapy according to NOPHO-AML 2012 protocol. She required multiple operations and prolonged anti-mycobacterial therapy. A high index of suspicion for mycobacterial infection is required for immunocompromised patients with prolonged fever or unusual presentation.

Vascularised bone graft is an effective technique for extracortical bone bridging to combat cemented megaprosthesis loosening at the bone-implant junction.

Introduction: The bone-implant junction is a potential site for aseptic loosening. Extracortical bone bridging at the bone-implant junction is advocated to improve implant fixation by forming a biological seal. We propose a novel technique with vascularised bone graft (VBG) to form an extracortical bone bridge at the bone-implant junction to enhance implant stability.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung organoids in an ex vivo model of the congenital diaphragmatic hernia fetal lung.

Three-dimensional lung organoids (LOs) derived from pluripotent stem cells have the potential to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms and to enable novel therapeutic approaches in neonates with pulmonary disorders. We established a reproducible ex vivo model of lung development using transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells generated from fetuses and infants with Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a polygenic disorder associated with fetal lung compression and pulmonary hypoplasia at birth. Molecular and cellular comparisons of CDH LOs revealed impaired generation of NKX2.

Evaluation of an Anti-Thrombotic Continuous Lactate and Blood Pressure Monitoring Catheter in an In Vivo Piglet Model undergoing Open-Heart Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Blood lactate and blood pressure measurements are important predictors of life-threatening complications after infant open-heart surgeries requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We have developed an intravascular nitric oxide (NO)-releasing 5-Fr catheter that contains a lactate sensor for continuous in-blood lactate monitoring and a dedicated lumen for third-party pressure sensor attachment. This device has antimicrobial and antithrombotic properties and can be implanted intravascularly.

BD5: An open HDF5-based data format to represent quantitative biological dynamics data.

BD5 is a new binary data format based on HDF5 (hierarchical data format version 5). It can be used for representing quantitative biological dynamics data obtained from bioimage informatics techniques and mechanobiological simulations. Biological Dynamics Markup Language (BDML) is an XML (Extensible Markup Language)-based open format that is also used to represent such data; however, it becomes difficult to access quantitative data in BDML files when the file size is large because parsing XML-based files requires large computational resources to first read the whole file sequentially into computer memory.

Reclaiming 'Āina Health in Waimānalo.

Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) worldviews of health emphasize pono (righteousness) and lōkahi (balance), which extends to include relationships with other people, akua (spiritual realm), and 'āina (land). The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the role of 'āina and 'āina connection in health and resilience based on the perspectives of 12 Kānaka Maoli adults from the Waimānalo community. Three major themes were identified: 'Āina is everything, 'āina is health, and community healing through community-led initiatives.

Recent Trends and Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Regimens Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV in the United States: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) 2008-2017.

Objective: We evaluated trends and population effectiveness (tolerability, HIV suppression) of current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens mindful of treatment guidelines.

Method: Trend analyses included 18 017 person-visits (1457 men) on cART during 2008-2017 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Effectiveness analyses of current regimens used 3598 person-visit-pairs (745 men) on cART in 2014-2017.

Quantitative assessments and clinical outcomes in HER2 equivocal 2018 ASCO/CAP ISH group 4 breast cancer.

We quantified human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) RNA and protein expression in 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) in situ hybridization (ISH) group 4 ( () ratio <2.0, average copy number ≥4.0 and <6.

Waimānalo Pono Research Hui: A Community-Academic Partnership to Promote Native Hawaiian Wellness through Culturally Grounded and Community-Driven Research and Programming.

Although Hawai'i is often portrayed as an idyllic paradise and is recognized as one of the healthiest States in the United States, pervasive health disparities exist among Native Hawaiians. Similar to other indigenous populations across the globe, these disparities are linked to unjust social and economic policies rooted in colonization and historical trauma. Western-centric efforts to address these disparities have yielded limited results.

Effect of high-dose dexamethasone on patients without diabetes during elective neurosurgery: a prospective study.

Introduction: The peri-operative use of high-dose dexamethasone to reduce cerebral oedema may result in worsening glycaemic control in people with diabetes and glucocorticoid-induced diabetes in susceptible individuals. This study aims to examine the incidence of glucocorticoid-induced diabetes in a cohort of neurosurgical patients receiving high-dose dexamethasone peri-operatively.

Materials And Methods: Adult non-diabetic neurosurgical patients receiving high-dose dexamethasone were prospectively studied.

Integrating Native Hawaiian tradition with the modern technology of aquaponics.

Prior to western arrival in 1778, Native Hawaiians possessed a sophisticated culture and resource management system conducive to an island ecosystem. However, disenfranchisement from ancestral lands and traditional food sources as a result of colonization led to Native Hawaiians being forced to abandon many of their traditional practices. Today, many Native Hawaiians experience food insecurity, placing them at further risk for obesity and other nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Antibiotic-laden cement wrap: A simple but effective way of treating patients with megaprosthesis infection.

Unlabelled: Infection is one of the commonest causes for megaprosthesis failure. The current treatment includes antibiotics but no surgery, debridement, prosthesis removal and joint fusion, prosthesis revision or amputation. Success in controlling infection may be less than 50% in implant revision.

Patient work from a context and time use perspective: a mixed-methods study protocol.

Introduction: Self-management is widely promoted but less attention is focused on the work required from patients. To date, many individuals struggle to practise self-management. 'Patient work', a concept that examines the 'work' involved in self-management, is an approach to understanding the tasks, effort, time and context from patient perspective.