Identifying early indicators of secondary peritonitis in critically ill patients with cirrhosis.

Ascitic fluid infection (AFI) is a life-threatening complication of cirrhosis. We aimed to identify early indicators of secondary peritonitis (SP), which requires emergency surgery, and to describe the outcomes of SP and spontaneous bacterial/fungal peritonitis (SBFP). Adults with cirrhosis and AFI admitted to 16 university or university-affiliated ICUs in France between 2002 and 2017 were studied retrospectively.

Relation between chest compression rate and depth: the ENFONCE Study.

Introduction: Chest compressions are the cornerstone of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The recent International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation guidelines recommend increasing the rate and the depth of chest compressions, to 100-120/min and 5-6 cm, based on theoretical arguments and observational studies. We hypothesized that an increased chest compressions rate could decrease chest compressions depth.

Impact and consequences of intensive chemotherapy on intestinal barrier and microbiota in acute myeloid leukemia: the role of mucosal strengthening.

Induction chemotherapy (7 + 3 regimen) remains the gold standard for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but is responsible for gut damage leading to several complications such as bloodstream infection (BSI). We aimed to investigate the impact of induction chemotherapy on the intestinal barrier of patients with AML and in wild-type mice. Next, we assessed the potential benefit of strengthening the mucosal barrier in transgenic mice releasing a recombinant protein able to reinforce the mucus layer (Tg222).

Epidemiology, clinical features, and management of severe hypercalcemia in critically ill patients.

Background: Severe hypercalcemia (HCM) is a common reason for admission in intensive-care unit (ICU). This case series aims to describe the clinical and biological features, etiologies, treatments, and outcome associated with severe HCM. This study included all patients with a total calcemia above 12 mg/dL (3 mmol/L) admitted in two ICUs from January 2007 to February 2017.

[Consortium for detection and management of lung damage induced by bleomycin].

Bleomycin is a cytotoxic antibiotic and a component of chemotherapy regimens of germ cell tumors and lymphoma. Bleomycin lung injuries occur in 10% of patients, and lead to severe interstitial pneumonia in 3% of patients. Pulmonary toxicity is related to endothelial cells injury induce by free radicals and inflammatory cytokines.

Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation vs Oxygen Therapy on Mortality Among Immunocompromised Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Noninvasive ventilation has been recommended to decrease mortality among immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. However, its effectiveness for this indication remains unclear.

Objective: To determine whether early noninvasive ventilation improved survival in immunocompromised patients with nonhypercapnic acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections are associated with a higher energy deficit than other ICU-acquired bacteremia.

Purpose: Caloric insufficiency during the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was reported to be associated with increased infection rates, especially ICU-acquired bloodstream infection (ICU-BSI). However, the predisposition to ICU-BSI by a given pathogen remains not well known. We aimed to determine the impact of early energy-calorie deficit on the pathogens responsible for ICU-BSI.