Associations among cardiorespiratory fitness, C-reactive protein, and all-cause mortality in men and women.

We examined individual and joint associations among high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness), and mortality in healthy men and women. Between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2016, 30,077 adults (31.3% women) received a comprehensive physical examination.

Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Background: The association between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear.

Methods: We compared incident PC rates as a function of the Omega-3 Index [O3I, erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA + DHA)] in 5607 men (40-80 years of age) seen at the Cooper Clinic who were free of PC at baseline. The average follow-up was 5.

The History of Aerobics (50 Years and Still Counting).

Looking back over the 50 years since Aerobics was published, I could never have expected for there to have been a major change in physicians' attitudes toward the value of exercise in the practice of medicine. In my lifetime, I never thought I would see a stress test be considered a mandatory component of a complete examination, inactivity classified as importantly as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and cigarette smoking considered a coronary risk factor. I have tried in this Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES) Lecture presentation to document how this slow but gradual transition took place due to my work and the work of many of my colleagues in this field, along with the important work of The Cooper Institute.

Relation of Coronary Artery Diameters With Cardiorespiratory Fitness.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality when adjusted for traditional risk factors. Mechanisms by which fitness reduces risk have been studied but remain incompletely understood. We hypothesize that higher fitness is associated with larger coronary artery diameters independent of its effect on traditional risk factors.

Implementing Policies to Enhance Physical Education and Physical Activity in Schools.

The purpose of this commentary is to provide an overview of national physical activity recommendations and policies (e.g., from the Institute of Medicine, National Physical Activity Plan, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and to discuss how these important initiatives can be implemented in local schools.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle Age and Health Care Costs in Later Life.

Background: Low cardiovascular risk factor burdens in middle age are associated with lower health care costs in later life. However, there are few data regarding the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on health care costs independent of these risk factors.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the association of health care costs in later life with cardiorespiratory fitness in midlife after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.

Physical activity versus cardiorespiratory fitness: two (partly) distinct components of cardiovascular health?

Physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) both have inverse relationships to cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Recent position papers and guidelines have identified the important role of both of these factors in CV health. The benefits of PA and CRF in the prevention of CV disease and risk factors are reviewed.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and long-term survival in "low-risk" adults.

Background: We sought to establish whether cardiorespiratory fitness had important implications for long-term cardiovascular risk among individuals classified as low risk by the Framingham Risk Score (10-year coronary heart disease risk <10%). Prognostic factors of long-term cardiovascular risk are needed for low-risk subjects who make up the largest percentage of the US population.

Methods And Results: The study population was composed of men and women, 30 to 50 years of age, who had a baseline medical exam at the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, TX, between 1970 and 1983.

Accuracy of the Enlite 6-day glucose sensor with guardian and Veo calibration algorithms.

Objective: This study investigates the accuracy of a newly developed, next-generation subcutaneous glucose sensor, evaluated for 6-day use.

Research Design And Methods: Seventy-nine subjects (53 men, 26 women) with type 1 diabetes and 18 subjects (14 men, four women) with type 2 diabetes completed a three-center, prospective, sensor accuracy study. The mean age for the group was 42.

Secular change in cardiorespiratory fitness of men: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Unlabelled: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to be an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. During the last four decades, national guidelines for physical activity and fitness have emerged in an ongoing effort to improve health outcomes through enhanced CRF risk profiles.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the secular trend in CRF as a function of decade and age in a large cohort of men during the past 40 yr.

Reflections on the Texas Youth Evaluation Project and implications for the future.

The passage of Senate Bill 530 in June 2007 increased visibility about the importance of health-related fitness in Texas. As a result of the mandate, more than 2.6 million 3rd- through 12th-grade students from all Texas counties were evaluated between January 1, 2008, and June 1, 2008, using a standardized test of health-related physical fitness (FITNESSGRAM).

The association of health-related fitness with indicators of academic performance in Texas schools.

This study examined the associations between indicators of health-related physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness and body mass index) and academic performance (Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills). Partial correlations were generally stronger for cardiovascular fitness than body mass index and consistently stronger in the middle school grades. Mixed-model regression analyses revealed modest associations between fitness and academic achievement after controlling for potentially confounding variables.

Risk of mortality increases with increasing number of abnormal non-ST parameters recorded during exercise testing.

Background: Abnormal non-ST segment treadmill parameters are associated with an increased mortality risk. Such measures include fitness, resting heart rate (HR), chronotropic incompetence, and HR recovery. However, whether there is an additive association among these parameters and the risk of mortality is unknown.

Relation of the number of metabolic syndrome risk factors with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of risk factors associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This syndrome consists of at least 3 parameters assessing central obesity, hypertension, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and impaired glucose metabolism. Whether persons with 4 or 5 risk factors are at higher risk than those with 3 risk factors is unclear.

Efficacy of a complex multivitamin supplement.

Objectives: Multivitamin supplements are often sold to consumers with the claim that supplements modify risk factors associated with disease. Because few products are validated scientifically, we examined the effects of a 24-ingredient multivitamin formula in an open-label pilot investigation.

Methods: We examined 150 subjects for specific endpoints including blood concentrations of selected vitamins, homocysteine, lipids, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation indices at baseline and at 12 and 24 wk.

GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF PROTANDRIC SEX IN THE PACIFIC OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS THUNBERG.

A unique feature of sex in Crassostrea oysters is the coexistence of protandric sex change, dioecy, and hermaphroditism. To determine whether such a system is genetically controlled, we analyzed sex ratios in 86 pair-mated families of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. The overall female ratios of one-, two-, and three-year-old oysters were 37%, 55%, and 75%, respectively, suggesting that a significant proportion of oysters matured first as males and changed to females in later years.