Stigma in a Collectivistic Culture: Social Network of Female Sex Workers in China.

In this egocentric network study, we explored Chinese collectivism in relation to social network characteristics and sex work-related stigma among mid-age female sex workers (FSWs). Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit 1245 mid-age FSWs from three cities in China. We found that a one standard deviation (SD) increase in FSWs' collectivism was associated with a 0.

A Latent Class Analysis of DUI Offender Motivation and Awareness as Predictors of Performance While on Alcohol Ignition Interlocks.

Introduction: Alcohol ignition interlock devices (IID) reduce rates of drinking and driving. The interlock offers an opportune time for tailoring targeted interventions to develop habits to separate drinking from driving among this high-risk population. This study identified different types of IID users upon whom targeted interventions could be developed.

Effects of Image Quantity and Image Source Variation on Machine Learning Histology Differential Diagnosis Models.

Aims: Histology, the microscopic study of normal tissues, is a crucial element of most medical curricula. Learning tools focused on histology are very important to learners who seek diagnostic competency within this important diagnostic arena. Recent developments in machine learning (ML) suggest that certain ML tools may be able to benefit this histology learning platform.

HPV Knowledge, Vaccine Status, and Health Literacy Among University Students.

The aim of this study was to assess university students' knowledge and understanding about HPV and its association with their vaccination status and health literacy. A sample of 383 undergraduate university students between the ages of 18 and 26 were recruited between February 14 and March 22, 2018. An electronic survey was administered to assess knowledge and HPV awareness, vaccination status, and health literacy.

Driver experiences with the alcohol ignition interlock: Comparing successful and poor performers.

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the drinking patterns and experiences (both positive and negative) among DUI offenders who had installed an ignition interlock. The association between those experiences and interlock performance as measured by the number of times they had a lockout, was also assessed.

Methods: Over 300 DUI offenders who installed an interlock in the State of Florida were recruited and completed an on-line survey at the beginning and end of their interlock restriction.

Lung cancer screening decisional needs among African American smokers of lower socioeconomic status.

Objectives: Adherence to most evidence-based cancer screenings is lower among African Americans due to system- and individual-level factors that contribute to persistent disparities. Given the recommendation for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening among individuals at high risk for lung cancer, we sought to describe aspects of decision-making for LDCT among African Americans and to examine associations between select components of decision-making and screening-related intentions.

Design: African Americans ( = 119) with a long-term smoking history, aged 55-80 years, and without lung cancer were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey.

Correction to: Development of Decisional Values Statements for Lung Cancer Screening among African American Smokers.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes in Tables 1 and 3.

Situational context and motives of alcohol use among graduate student drinkers.

Extensive research has examined alcohol use context and motives among undergraduates, but less is known about where, when, and why graduate students drink. The current study aimed to describe the motives and situational context of graduate student alcohol use, identify demographic and program characteristics associated with alcohol use motives and context, and assess how alcohol use motives and context are associated with alcohol use behavior. A sample of master's and doctoral-level students who drank during the past month (n = 2091; 63% female) completed an online survey.

Development of Decisional Values Statements for Lung Cancer Screening Among African American Smokers.

Lung cancer screening via low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been underutilized by high-risk current and former smokers since its approval in 2013. Further, lower use of other evidence-based cancer screening tests (e.g.

Alcohol, Driving, and Health among Community-dwelling Older Adults.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among alcohol use, driving behavior, and indicators of health among older adults.

Methods: A sample of 818 adults ages 65 and older were recruited through the state motor vehicle administration and completed an online survey. Regression models were used to assess the associations between alcohol use, driving behaviors, and 6 health indicators.

Social context of drinking among older adults: Relationship to alcohol and traffic risk behaviors.

Objective: Alcohol use among older adults is a major public health concern given potentially negative effects to health and functioning in this population. Little is known about context in which alcohol use among older adults occurs, or how context of use is associated with risk behaviors.

Method: Invitation letters were mailed to licensed drivers 65 years and older in Maryland.

Driving concerns among older adults: Associations with driving skill, behaviors, and experiences.

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine what older adults find most concerning about driving as they age and how these concerns are related to driving skill, behaviors, and experiences.

Methods: In partnership with the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration, a sample of 751 older adults ages 65 and older completed an online survey between October 2017 and May 2018. A content analysis was used to code open-ended responses about driver concerns, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between driving concerns and driving skill, behavior, and experiences.

Graduate degree completion: Associations with alcohol and marijuana use before and after enrollment.

Research has shown that alcohol and marijuana use are associated with academic performance difficulties, but the relationship to completion of a graduate degree has not been explored. Undergraduate students ( = 1253) were assessed during their first year of college and annually thereafter until age 29. Among the subset of the original sample who enrolled in graduate school ( = 520), measures of alcohol and marijuana use were averaged separately for the time periods before and after graduate school enrollment.

Substance Use, Academic Performance, and Academic Engagement Among High School Seniors.

Background: Substance use is prevalent and is associated with academic performance among adolescents. Few studies have examined the association between abstinence from all substances and academic achievement.

Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 9578 12th graders from the 2015 Monitoring the Future survey were analyzed to examine relationships between abstinence from substance use and 4 academic variables: skipping school, grades, academic self-efficacy, and emotional academic engagement.

The pathway from childhood maltreatment to adulthood obesity: The role of mediation by adolescent depressive symptoms and BMI.

to examine associations between childhood maltreatment and adulthood obesity, and mediating effects of adolescent depressive symptoms and BMI, using the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 10,894).

A Mixed Methods Examination of Sleep Throughout the Alcohol Recovery Process Grounded in the Social Cognitive Theory: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Craving.

Sleep disturbances can accompany alcohol use disorders during various phases of the disease. This analysis utilized a mixed methods approach to assess whether sleep-related beliefs and/or behavior of individuals who are alcohol dependent were associated with sleep quality both pre- and postdischarge from a clinical research facility providing inpatient alcohol rehabilitation treatment. Individuals with higher self-efficacy for sleep (SE-S) reported better sleep quality at both time points.

Motivational factors associated with drowsy driving behavior: a qualitative investigation of college students.

Objectives: This qualitative investigation sought to identify the motivational factors that contribute to drowsy driving in college students and to discover important messaging strategies that may help prevent or reduce this behavior in this population.

Design: Four focus groups of college students.

Setting: A large university in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area during the Fall 2016 term.

Evaluation of Maryland's state police impaired driving reduction effort (SPIDRE).

Objective: Alcohol-impaired driving is a significant factor in fatal and serious injury-producing crashes in the United States and many other countries. In 2013, the State of Maryland implemented an anti-driving under the influence (DUI) enforcement program, called the State Police Impaired Driving Reduction Effort (SPIDRE). This enforcement effort consisted of a select team of 7 police officers from the Maryland State Police who engaged in high-intensity driving under the influence (DUI) enforcement.

Examining Associations Between Relocation, Continuity of Care, and Patient Satisfaction in Military Spouses.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine how frequent permanent change of station moves and turnover in primary care providers are associated with continuity of care and patient satisfaction in military spouses. These domains have been studied extensively in civilian populations, but this study seeks to begin filling a gap in the literature surrounding military spouses and their experiences with the military health system.

Materials And Methods: Spouses were recruited via social media to complete a brief online questionnaire to examine factors related to continuity of care and satisfaction with military health care.

Children with Burn Injury Have Impaired Cardiac Output during Submaximal Exercise.

Introduction: Burn trauma damages resting cardiac function; however, it is currently unknown if the cardiovascular response to exercise is likewise impaired. We tested the hypothesis that, in children, burn injury lowers cardiac output (Q˙) and stroke volume (SV) during submaximal exercise.

Methods: Five children with 49% ± 4% total body surface area (BSA) burned (two female, 11.

Frequency of extreme weather events and increased risk of motor vehicle collision in Maryland.

Background: Previous studies have shown increased precipitation to be associated with higher frequency of traffic collisions. However, data regarding how extreme weather events, projected to grow in frequency, intensity, and duration in response to a changing climate, might affect the risk of motor vehicle collisions is particularly limited. We investigated the association between frequency of extreme heat and precipitation events and risk of motor vehicle collision in Maryland between 2000 and 2012.

Critical Transitions: A Mixed Methods Examination of Sleep from Inpatient Alcohol Rehabilitation Treatment to the Community.

Aims: This prospective, repeated measures study utilized a convergent parallel mixed methods approach to assess sleep experiences among individuals who were alcohol-dependent undergoing inpatient detoxification and treatment at a clinical research facility across the transition periods associated with the rehabilitation process: the initial adjustment to becoming an inpatient and the transition from inpatient to outpatient status.

Methods: This study included individual semi-structured interviews and quantitative measures relating to psychological distress, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep-related beliefs and behavior (n = 33; 66.7% male).

How do significant others influence our driving? A descriptive study of ego-alter dyads in a college population.

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to describe the mutual influences between drivers and their significant others in a sample of college students, using a social network perspective.

Methods: A web-based survey was made of 65 dyads of drivers and their significant others, in order to examine areas of mutual influence concerning driving. Measures were taken of their frequency of risky driving, including how often they drive, talk on the cell phone, or text with each other while driving.

Impact of chronic systolic heart failure on lung structure-function relationships in large airways.

Heart failure (HF) is often associated with pulmonary congestion, reduced lung function, abnormal gas exchange, and dyspnea. We tested whether pulmonary congestion is associated with expanded vascular beds or an actual increase in extravascular lung water (EVLW) and how airway caliber is affected in stable HF Subsequently we assessed the influence of an inhaled short acting beta agonist (SABA). Thirty-one HF (7F; age, 62 ± 11 years; ht.

Correcting the dynamic response of a commercial esophageal balloon-catheter.

It is generally recommended that an esophageal balloon-catheter possess an adequate frequency response up to 15 Hz, such that parameters of respiratory mechanics may be quantified with precision. In our experience, however, we have observed that some commercially available systems do not display an ideal frequency response (<8-10 Hz). We therefore investigated whether the poor frequency response of a commercially available esophageal catheter may be adequately compensated using two numerical techniques: 1) an exponential model correction, and 2) Wiener deconvolution.