An study to determine the impact of lipid emulsion on partitioning of a broad spectrum of drugs associated with overdose.

Background: Intravenous lipid emulsion is recognised as a therapy for rescue in cases of local anaesthetic toxicity, but its use in reversing overdose or toxicity related to other drugs remains the subject of debate. This study sought to expand our understanding of the importance of partitioning in determining the impact of intravenous lipid emulsion on aqueous free drug concentrations.

Methods: Twenty-seven drugs and associated metabolites were screened for the ability of intravenous lipid emulsion to reduce the amount of free drug in the aqueous phase, using specialised cassettes designed for this purpose.

Inhaled methoxyflurane (Penthrox) administration in dentistry as an alternative to nitrous oxide sedation: a review and feasibility study.

Methoxyflurane (MOF) as an agent for dental sedation has been used safely in Australasia for decades. The drug is now licensed for relief of pain associated with trauma and is being used during several medical outpatient procedures in the stead of traditional intravenous agents for sedation in the UK. Our aim was to analyse the safety and feasibility of the introduction of MOF as a drug for dental sedation in the UK community setting and assess its environmental impact.

Incidence of Intravenous Medication Errors in a Chinese Hospital.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore intravenous (IV) medication errors in a Chinese hospital. The specific objectives were to 1) explore and measure the frequency of IV medication errors by direct observation and identify clues to their causes in Chinese hospital inpatient wards and 2) identify the clinical importance of the errors and find the potential risks in the preparation and administration processes of IV medications.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted by using the direct observational method to describe IV medication errors on two general surgery patient wards in a large teaching hospital in Beijing, China.

Dispensing errors and counseling quality in 100 pharmacies.

Objective: To evaluate the dispensing accuracy and counseling provided in community chain pharmacies.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Community chain pharmacies in large metropolitan areas of Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, and New York.

A multi-centre comparison of nursing staff time required for the preparation and administration of liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B deoxycholate vs. voriconazole.

Aims And Objectives: To compare the nursing time and cost required for preparation and administration of liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B deoxycholate and voriconazole.

Design: Cost comparison study.

Methods: Nurse activities associated with the preparation and administration of the three study drugs were divided into 11 tasks and timed by observers at five hospitals.

Comparison of two error-detection methods in a mail service pharmacy serving health facilities.

Objectives: To compare two dispensing error-detection methods in a mail service pharmacy and explore clues to the causes of near errors.

Design: Descriptive and exploratory study.

Setting: Mail service pharmacy serving health facilities, April 5-9, 2004.

The role of modern biology and medicine in drug development in academia and industry.

This symposium addresses careers in drug development in industry; the performance of translational research by academia, industry, and both; and numerous factors pertinent to alliances essential to drug discovery and development. Drug development is a complex process that regularly involves effective collaborations between academic and physician scientists and industry. There are specific occupational factors affecting recruitment of scientists and physicians in drug development programs in industry; ideal backgrounds for successful applicants for positions in industry in drug development; ethical and regulatory considerations particularly germane to the performance of scientists and physicians in drug development programs in industry and at universities; and particular gratifications available to scientists in industry working on drug development.

Patient decision making: strategies for diabetes diet adherence intervention.

Background: Patient self-care is critical in controlling diabetes and its complications. Lack of diet adherence is a particular challenge to effective diabetes intervention. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Change, decision-making theory, and self-efficacy have contributed to successful tailoring of interventions in many target behaviors.

Geometric probability distribution for modeling of error risk during prescription dispensing.

Purpose: The relationship between the number of prescriptions dispensed by individual pharmacy staff during a single workday and the probability of committing at least one dispensing error during that same workday period was evaluated using a geometric probability distribution.

Summary: A cross-sectional descriptive study involving 50 pharmacies located in six cities across the United States was conducted. A pharmacist trained to detect dispensing errors recorded the number of prescriptions filled by each pharmacy staff member and noted which prescription represented the staff member's first dispensing error (defined as any deviation from the prescriber's order) made during the observation period.

The impact of dedicated medication nurses on the medication administration error rate: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Concerns about hospital medication safety mount as the pace of new drug releases accelerates.

Methods: We performed a randomized study at 2 hospitals (A and B) to examine whether the medication administration error rate could be decreased by having "dedicated" nurses focus exclusively on administering drugs. "Medication nurses," after receiving a brief review course on safe medication use, were responsible solely for drug delivery for up to 18 patients each.

Perspectives on plant and soil nematology.

During my career in Plant Pathology/Nematology, many major advancements have occurred in the study of nematodes-even with their being largely soilborne and thus often overlooked. These biotrophic organisms include the most widespread and important group of plant pathogens-the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne species-which attack most major crops, as well as thousands of non-crop plant species. Landmark achievements that catalyzed research on these organisms included the discovery of effective nematicides, ectoparasitic forms, elucidation of disease complexes, nematodes as virus vectors, development of host resistance, and new technologies for research.

National observational study of prescription dispensing accuracy and safety in 50 pharmacies.

Objectives: To measure dispensing accuracy rates in 50 pharmacies located in 6 cities across the United States and describe the nature and frequency of the errors detected.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Settings: Chain, independent, and health-system pharmacies (located in hospitals or managed care organizations).

Medication errors observed in 36 health care facilities.

Background: Medication errors are a national concern.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of medication errors (doses administered differently than ordered).

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Comparison of methods for detecting medication errors in 36 hospitals and skilled-nursing facilities.

The validity and cost-effectiveness of three methods for detecting medication errors were examined. A stratified random sample of 36 hospitals and skilled-nursing facilities in Colorado and Georgia was selected. Medication administration errors were detected by registered nurses (R.

Development and Evaluation of a Standard Method for Screening for Resistance to Radopholus similis in Bananas.

The description and evaluation of a standard assay method for screening for resistance of bananas to the burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) under greenhouse conditions is presented. Seven banana genotypes, ranging from susceptible to resistant, were used to evaluate the method. Banana plants from tissue culture, grown in 0.

Genetic Analysis of Meloidogyne arenaria Race 1 Resistance in Tobacco.

Inheritance of resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1) was investigated in the flue-cured tobacco cv. Speight G 28 and the breeding lines 81-RL-2K and SA 1214. The genetic relationship of this resistance in Speight G 28 to the resistance of the same cultivar to races 1 and 3 of M.