Validation and optimisation of reduced glutathione quantification in erythrocytes by means of a coulometric high-performance liquid chromatography analytical method.

Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that consists of cysteine, glutamate and glycine, is present in all mammalian tissues in the millimolar range. Besides having numerous cellular functions, GSH is an important antioxidant and is considered a valuable biomarker in evaluating oxidative stress. This paper provides a sensitive analytical method using HPLC-ECD to quantify GSH in erythrocytes, validated using the ICH guidelines for Bioanalytical Method Validation.

Tert-butylhydroquinone and tert-butylcatechol positivity as warning lights of skin sensitization to tert-butylphenol derivatives in adhesives and diabetes devices.

Introduction: Tert-butylphenol (TBP) derivatives, antioxidants in adhesives and diabetes devices, may provoke allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).

Objectives: The objective of this study is to report sensitization to TBP derivatives in medical devices and to highlight that tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) and tert-butylcatechol (TBC) are potential screeners in this regard.

Methods: Fifteen patients with ACD from adhesives and diabetes devices were patch tested to different TBPs: BHQ 1% pet.

Design and Synthesis of 1,3-Diarylpyrazoles and Investigation of Their Cytotoxicity and Antiparasitic Profile.

Herein, we report a series of 1,3-diarylpyrazoles that are analogues of compound /HIT 8. We previously identified this molecule as a 'hit' during a high-throughput screening campaign for autophagy inducers. A variety of synthetic strategies were utilized to modify the 1,3-diarylpyrazole core at its 1-, 3-, and 4-position.

UPLC-TQD-MS/MS Method Validation for Quality Control of Alkaloid Content in (Maca)-Containing Food and Dietary Supplements.

Walp. (Brassicaceae), also known as Maca or Peruvian ginseng, is a common ingredient in food supplements with many claimed health benefits, such as improved endurance, increased energy level, and enhanced sexual properties. Due to potential toxicity of its chemicals, including alkaloids, some regulatory authorities, e.

Hepatoprotective effects of leaf extract of Annona senegalensis against aflatoxin B1 toxicity in rats.

Global aflatoxin contamination of agricultural commodities is of the most concern in food safety and quality. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Annona senegalensis against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced toxicity in rats. A.

HILIC UPLC/ QTof MS Method Development for the Quantification of AGEs Inhibitors - Trouble Shooting Protocol.

Objective: The paper reports an attempt to develop and validate a HILIC UPLC/ QTof MS method for quantifying N-ε-carboxymethyl-L-lysine (CML) , testing N-ε- carboxy[D]methyl-L-lysine (d-CML), and N-ε-carboxy[4,4,5,5-D]methyl-L-lysine (d-CML) as internal standards.

Methods: During the method development, several challenging questions occurred that hindered the successful completion of the method. The study emphasizes the impact of issues, generally overlooked in the development of similar analytical protocols.

In Vitro Biotransformation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Constituents and Metabolites of .

(1) Background: (L.) Maxim. (Rosaceae) (meadowsweet) is widely used in phytotherapy against inflammatory diseases.

Pharmacognostic Study, Diuretic Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of the Leaves of Aubl. Collected in Two Different Phenological Stages.

Aubl. is traditionally used in Cuba as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antilithiatic and diuretic remedy. Here we studied the pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves of , the preliminary phytochemical composition, diuretic activity and acute oral toxicity of the aqueous extracts from the leaves of plants collected in the vegetative (VE) and flowering (FE) stages.

Saponin and Fatty Acid Profiling of the Sea Cucumber , α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and the Identification of a Novel Triterpene Glycoside.

Saponin-rich sea cucumber extracts have shown antidiabetic effects in a few reports. Although the triterpene glycosides of sea cucumbers are commonly isolated from their Cuvierian tubules, these are absent in Jaeger. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the saponin profile in the body wall of , as well as to assess the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts.

Isocyanates may contribute to allergic contact dermatitis from diabetes devices and wound dressings.

Background: Isocyanates are well-known occupational allergens, but can also be present in medical devices.

Objectives: To highlight that contact sensitization to isocyanates might contribute to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from polyurethane (PU)-containing diabetes devices and wound dressings.

Patients And Methods: Nineteen patients with suspected ACD from diabetes devices and/or wound dressings were patch tested to an isocyanate series.

Protective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi. The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra (MLEMC) against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each.

DMSO Concentrations up to 1% are Safe to be Used in the Zebrafish Embryo Developmental Toxicity Assay.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a popular solvent for developmental toxicity testing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals in zebrafish embryos. In general, it is recommended to keep the final DMSO concentration as low as possible for zebrafish embryos, preferably not exceeding 100 μL/L (0.01%).

Analysis of Plant Origin Antibiotics against Oral Bacterial Infections Using In Vitro and In Silico Techniques and Characterization of Active Constituents.

The pervasiveness of oral bacterial infections in diabetic patients is a serious health concern that may produce severe complications. We investigated 26 Ayurvedic medicinal plants traditionally used for treatment of the oral bacterial infections with the aim to look for new promising drug leads that can be further employed for herbal formulation design. The plants were grouped into three categories based on traditional usage.

Developmental Toxicity and Biotransformation of Two Anti-Epileptics in Zebrafish Embryos and Early Larvae.

The zebrafish () embryo is gaining interest as a bridging tool between in-vitro and in-vivo developmental toxicity studies. However, cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated drug metabolism in this model is still under debate. Therefore, we investigated the potential of zebrafish embryos and larvae to bioactivate two known anti-epileptics, carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin (PHE), to carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (E-CBZ) and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH), respectively.

Antiplasmodial activity of constituents and their metabolites after in vitro gastrointestinal biotransformation of a Nauclea pobeguinii extract.

Nauclea pobeguinii is traditionally used for treatment of malaria. Previous studies on the plant extract and strictosamide, the putative active constituent, showed a profound in vivo activity of the extract but no in vitro activity of strictosamide. This might indicate that one or more compounds present in the extract, most likely alkaloids, act as prodrugs undergoing biotransformation after oral administration resulting in the active compounds.

Effects of medicagenic acid metabolites, originating from biotransformation of an Herniaria hirsuta extract, on calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Herniaria hirsuta is traditionally used in Moroccan folk medicine for treatment of urinary stones and as a diuretic. It is rich in saponins, which are known to be deglycosylated in the colon, whereafter aglycones such as medicagenic acid are absorbed and further metabolized in the liver.

Aim Of The Study: A sample of hepatic metabolites of medicagenic acid, with medicagenic acid glucuronide as the most abundant one, was evaluated for in vitro activity against urinary stones.

Allergic contact dermatitis from ("hypoallergenic") adhesives containing D-limonene.

Background: Besides being a potential component of (some species of) colophonium, D-limonene is also used as a tackifier in the production of adhesives. Hydroperoxides of limonene are well-known skin sensitizers.

Objectives: To show that D-limonene may be present in colophonium-containing but also colophonium-free ("hypoallergenic") adhesives, and that patients suffering from allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from both types of adhesives might display positive patch test reactions to limonene hydroperoxides in this regard.

Antifungal Activity of Extracts, Fractions, and Constituents from Leaves.

Britton (Polygonaceae, order Caryophyllales) is an endemic and critically endangered plant species that only grows in the municipality of Camagüey, a province of Cuba. A preliminary investigation of its total methanolic extract led to the discovery of promising antifungal activity. In this study, a bioassay-guided fractionation allowed the isolation of quercetin and four methoxyflavonoids: 3--methylquercetin, myricetin 3,3',4'-trimethyl ether, 6-methoxymyricetin 3,4'-dimethyl ether, and 6-methoxymyricetin 3,3',4'-trimethyl ether.

Identification and Quantification of Polymethoxylated Flavonoids in Different Citrus Species Using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD.

Many species from the genus are used in traditional medicine and contain polymethoxylated flavonoids. These compounds show anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities, among others, and therefore have a big potential to be developed as therapeutic agents or dietary supplements. species are different in their profile and yield of polymethoxylated flavonoids.

Natural Products as a Source of Inspiration for Novel Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) Formation.

Protein glycation, a post-translational modification found in biological systems, is often associated with a core defect in glucose metabolism. In particular, advanced glycation endproducts are complex heterogeneous sugar-derived protein modifications implicated in the progression of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetic complications, skin diseases, rheumatism, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. Undoubtedly, there is the need to expand the knowledge about antiglycation agents that can offer a therapeutic approach in preventing and treating health issues of high social and economic importance.