4-Hydroxyl-2-Nonenal Localized Expression Pattern in Retrieved Clots is Associated with Large Artery Atherosclerosis in Stroke Patients.

Objectives: The relationship between stroke etiology and clot pathology remains controversial.

Materials And Methods: We performed histological analysis of clots retrieved from 52 acute ischemic stroke patients using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (CD42b and oxidative/hypoxic stress markers). The correlations between clot composition and the stroke etiological group (i.

Catastrophic Multiple Microbleeds Caused by Infective Endocarditis Following Intravenous Thrombolysis and Endovascular Thrombectomy.

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common complications of infective endocarditis (IE). IE must be considered as one of the causes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), but early diagnosis of IE is difficult. AIS with ELVO must be treated using endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), with or without intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).

Endovascular Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension with Stenting of the Transverse Sinus Stenosis.

For many years, the pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) was interpreted as "secondary intracranial hypertension," and IIH was considered to be caused by brain edema due to obstructive sleep apnea. Another theory proposed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption impairment due to excessive medication with vitamin A derivatives. Other reports pointed out the importance of obesity, which may cause an impairment of intracranial venous drainage due to elevated right atrial pressure.

Infiltrated Embolization of Meningioma with Dilute Cyanoacrylate Glue.

We describe the efficacy and technical aspects of infiltrated preoperative embolization of meningioma by penetration of very dilute glue. In this method, a 13% n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA)-lipiodol mixture is injected extremely slowly from the middle meningeal artery (MMA) in a similar manner to plug and push injection of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer mixed with tantalum and dimethyl sulfoxide (Onyx) after the tortuous side feeders are proximally embolized. The glue is infiltrated into small tumor arteries and extends to inaccessible feeders from deep meningeal arteries.

Diagnosing intra-cranial and cervical artery dissection using MRI as the initial modality.

Dissection of cranial and cervical arteries is a relatively frequent clinical condition. However, it is difficult to diagnose a dissection when patients present with relatively mild symptoms. Various radiological techniques are used as diagnostic tools.

Enhanced expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase in malignant brain tumors: CPOX expression and 5-ALA-induced fluorescence.

In photodynamic diagnosis, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is widely used for the fluorescence-guided resection of malignant brain tumors, where 5-ALA is converted to protoporphyrin IX, which exhibits strong fluorescence. Little is known, however, about the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying 5-ALA-induced fluorescence. To resolve this issue, we analyzed transcriptome profiles for the genes encoding enzymes, transporters, and a transcription factor involved in the porphyrin-biosynthesis pathway.

Transporter-Mediated Drug Interaction Strategy for 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA)-Based Photodynamic Diagnosis of Malignant Brain Tumor: Molecular Design of ABCG2 Inhibitors.

Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is a practical tool currently used in surgical operation of aggressive brain tumors, such as glioblastoma. PDD is achieved by a photon-induced physicochemical reaction which is induced by excitation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) exposed to light. Fluorescence-guided gross-total resection has recently been developed in PDD, where 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or its ester is administered as the precursor of PpIX.

Ischaemia-induced vascular vulnerability resulting in intracerebral haemorrhage with ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.

Intracerebral haemorrhage accompanied with cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion on the same side without moyamoya-like vessels is rare. A 73-year-old man with left ICA occlusion and no presence of moyamoya disease criteria underwent xenon-enhanced computed tomography with acetazolamide challenge test. The findings showed hypoperfusion and no vasoreactivity in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery.