Parameter variation effects on millimeter wave dosimetry based on precise skin thickness in real rats.

This study presents a parametric analysis of the steady-state temperature elevation in rat skin models due to millimeter wave exposure at frequencies from 6-100 GHz. The statistical data of the thickness of skin layers, namely epidermis, dermis, dermal white adipose tissue, and panniculus carnosus, were measured for the first time using the excised tissues of real male Sprague-Dawley rats. Based on the precise structure obtained from the histological analysis of rat skin, we solve the bioheat transfer equation to investigate the effects of changes in parameters, such as body parts and thermal constants, on the absorbed power density and temperature elevation of biological tissues.

Safety and dose-sparing effect of Japanese encephalitis vaccine administered by microneedle patch in uninfected, healthy adults (MNA-J): a randomised, partly blinded, active-controlled, phase 1 trial.

Background: It is unclear whether microneedle vaccinations of Japanese encephalitis virus can induce sufficient neutralising antibodies and reduce the amount of vaccine needed. We aimed to assess the safety and dose-sparing effect of a microneedle vaccine patch against Japanese encephalitis in healthy individuals who are naive to both the vaccine and natural infection.

Methods: The MNA-J study was a randomised, partly blinded, active-controlled, phase 1 clinical trial at Hokkaido University (Sapporo, Japan) that enrolled healthy adults aged 20-34 years with no history of Japanese encephalitis vaccination nor of infection as confirmed by seronegativity.

Characterization of cartilage defects detected by MRI in Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0 or 1 knees.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis of the knee is generally evaluated by plain X-rays, which are incapable of detecting small cartilage damage. There are some patients who have small cartilage defects on MRI with no abnormal findings on plain X-rays. In this study, the prevalence and regional characteristics of cartilage defects detected by MRI were studied in cases with normal X-ray findings (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0 and 1).

Steroid changes adipokine concentration in the blood and bone marrow fluid.

Our previous study has shown that plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene expression and secretion from bone marrow adipocytes increased markedly with dexamethasone administration. The purpose of the present study was to measure the secretion of various adipokines from human bone marrow and blood, and investigate how adipokine secretion changes in a steroid environment. Human blood and bone marrow fluid were collected from a steroid treatment group and a control group during hip replacement surgery, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the adiponectin, leptin, and PAI-1 levels.

Trabecular microfractures in the femoral head with osteoporosis: analysis of microcallus formations by synchrotron radiation micro CT.

Trabecular bone microfracture pathogenesis and associated healing processes are not well understood. We analyzed the microcalluses that form subsequent to microfractures in patients with osteoporosis (OP) using synchrotron radiation micro CT (SRCT). Subchondral bone columns were extracted from the femoral heads of 11 female patients with a femoral neck fracture.

Relationship between microstructure and degree of mineralization in subchondral bone of osteoarthritis: a synchrotron radiation µCT study.

We analyzed the microstructure and degree of mineralization of the subchondral trabecular bone in hip osteoarthritis (OA) using synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) to identify the relationship between bone structure and bone turnover. Subchondral bone samples were extracted from femoral heads of 10 terminal-staged hip OA patients. The SRCT scan was performed at 30 keV energy and 5.

Clinical relevance of heparin-PF4 complex antibody in DVT after total joint replacement.

Background: Antibodies to the heparin-platelet factor-4 (HPF-4) complex (HIT antibodies) have been observed in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). These antibodies are thought to be involved in thrombosis through activation of platelet/endothelial cells. This prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of post-operative HIT antibodies to assess the associated risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA).