Normothermia is Best Achieved by Warming Above and Below with Pre-warming Adjunct: A Comparison of Conductive Fabric Versus Forced-air and Water.

Background: Although forced-air warming is the most commonly used method for perioperative patient warming, it is fundamentally problematic because it disturbs the carefully designed airflow in the operating room. Because unintended hypothermia has significant consequences, there is a need for more effective warming strategies. The effectiveness of warming technologies that apply heat through the skin is based on surface-area contact with the heat source and the duration of pre-warming.

[The temperature measurement of infusion fluid by infrared thermometer is useful for safety in infusion therapy].

Background: The measurement of infusion fluid temperature is important for patients' thermoregulatory management. However, we usually estimate the temperature by touching and feeling the surface of the infusion bag. Accordingly, there is increasing demand for more quantitative method to measure infusion fluid temperature.