Primary treatment of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in children: a multicenter, retrospective series of 125 cases.

Objective: The primary treatment for atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the primary treatment for AARF and create an algorithm for primary treatment.

Methods: The authors analyzed the data of 125 pediatric patients at four medical institutions from April 1989 to December 2018.

Infective Endocarditis Presenting as Right Shoulder Pain: A Case Report.

Although cases of referred shoulder pain due to ischemic heart disease have been well documented, to our knowledge no reports on infective endocarditis accompanied by referred right shoulder pain have been published. A 43-year-old Japanese man presented with severe right shoulder pain and a body temperature of 38°C.Blood tests showed inflammation and liver dysfunction, although magnetic resonance imaging did not indicate septic shoulder arthritis.