The combined influence of body weight support and running direction on self-selected movement patterns.

We investigated metabolic costs, muscle activity, and perceptual responses during forward and backward running at matched speeds at different body weight support (BWS) conditions. Participants ran forward and backward on a lower body positive pressure treadmill at 0%BWS, 20%BWS, and 50%BWS conditions. We measured oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, muscle activity, and stride frequency.

Influence of speed on running strategies during forward and backward running with body weight support.

Background: Running with body weight support (BWS) and backward running have been included in exercise programs. However, it is not known how running characteristics of forward and backward running with BWS are influenced by the deviation in the running speed from the preferred speed (PS). The purpose of this study was to investigate how metabolic cost, muscle activity, and perceptual responses of forward and backward running with BWS are influenced by the deviation in running speed from the PS.

The effects of stride frequency manipulation on physiological and perceptual responses during backward and forward running with body weight support.

Purpose: We investigated the influence of a change in stride frequency on physiological and perceptual responses during forward and backward running at different body weight support (BWS) levels.

Methods: Participants ran forward and backward at 0% BWS, 20% BWS, and 50% BWS conditions on a lower body positive pressure treadmill. The stride frequency conditions consisted of forward and backward running at preferred stride frequency (PSF), PSF + 10%, and PSF-10%.

Metabolic Costs During Backward Running with Body Weight Support.

We investigated metabolic costs, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), stride frequency (SF), and preferred speed (PS) during forward and backward running at different levels of body weight support (BWS). Participants completed forward and backward running on a lower body positive pressure treadmill at their preferred speed for forward and backward running at 0%BWS, 20%BWS, and 50%BWS. Oxygen uptake (V̇O), heart rate (HR), RPE, SF, and PS were measured.

Influence of stride frequency manipulation on muscle activity during running with body weight support.

Background: Running with body weight support (BWS) has been used for physical fitness enhancement. Nevertheless, gait mechanics of running with BWS is not fully understood.

Research Question: We investigated influence of stride frequency manipulation on muscle activity during running at various BWS conditions.

Muscle activity during backward and forward running with body weight support.

We investigated muscle activity during backward (BR) and forward (FR) running with body weight support (BWS). Ten participants completed BR and FR on a lower body positive pressure treadmill while selecting a preferred speed (PS) for different BWS conditions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%BWS). Muscle activity from the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GA), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), preferred stride frequency (PSF), and PS were measured.

Muscle Activity and Physiological Responses During Running in Water and on Dry Land at Submaximal and Maximal Efforts.

Masumoto, K, Mefferd, KC, Iyo, R, and Mercer, JA. Muscle activity and physiological responses during running in water and on dry land at submaximal and maximal efforts. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1960-1967, 2018-We investigated muscle activity, oxygen uptake, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion during running in water and on dry land at submaximal and maximal efforts.

Determining if muscle activity is related to preferred stride frequency during running in the water and on land.

Purpose: To determine if muscle activity is related to preferred stride frequency (PSF) during deep water running (DWR) and treadmill running on dry land (TMR).

Methods: Subjects (n = 11; 26.2 ± 4.

Metabolic costs and rating of perceived exertion during backward walking in water and on dry land.

The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic costs, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and stride frequency during backward walking in water and on land. The walking speeds in water were set to be half of those on land. There was no significant difference in metabolic costs and RPE between backward walking in water with a current and on land, at slow and moderate speeds (P > 0.

Muscle activity during running with different body-weight-support mechanisms: aquatic environment versus body-weight-support treadmill.

Background: Body-weight (BW) support during running can be accomplished using deep-water running (DWR; 100% BW support) and a lower-body positive-pressure (LBPP) treadmill.

Purpose: To compare lower-extremity muscle activity during DWR and running on an LBPP treadmill at matched stride frequency.

Methods: Eight subjects (40 ± 6.

Muscle activity while running at 20%-50% of normal body weight.

Little information exists on how body weight (BW) support influences running biomechanics. The study aim was to determine how reducing BW by 50%-80% influences muscle activity while running at different speeds. Subjects (n = 7) ran at 100%, 115%, 125% of preferred speed at 100%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% of BW per speed.

Effect of stride frequency on metabolic costs and rating of perceived exertion during walking in water.

We investigated the effect of stride frequency (SF) on metabolic costs and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during walking in water and on dry land. Eleven male subjects walked on a treadmill on dry land and on an underwater treadmill at their preferred SF (PSF) and walked at an SF which was lower and higher than the PSF (i.e.

Muscle activity during different styles of deep water running and comparison to treadmill running at matched stride frequency.

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity during deep water running (DWR) and treadmill running on dry land (TMR) as well as to investigate effect of stride frequency (SF) on muscle activity while using different styles of DWR (high-knee and cross-country styles, DWR-HK and DWR-CC, respectively). Eight subjects participated in this study. The baseline condition consisted of TMR at the preferred stride frequency (PSF).

Physiological responses, rating of perceived exertion, and stride characteristics during walking on dry land and walking in water, both with and without a water current.

Context: Walking in water has been included in rehabilitation programs. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the influence of a water current on physiological responses, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and stride characteristics of subjects while they walk in water.

Objective: To compare physiological responses, RPE, and stride characteristics of subjects walking in water (with and without a current) with those of subjects walking on dry land.

Insight into muscle activity during deep water running.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity and patterns during deep water running (DWR) and treadmill running (TMR) at equivalent levels of RPE.

Methods: Subjects (n = 7, 26.3 ± 4.

Physiological and perceptual responses to backward and forward treadmill walking in water.

We compared physiological and perceptual responses, and stride characteristics while walking backward in water with those of walking forward in water. Eight males walked on an underwater treadmill, immersed to their xiphoid process level. Oxygen uptake ((.

Biomechanics of human locomotion in water: an electomyographic analysis.

Quantifying muscle activity during locomotion in water is an emerging area of research. This article discusses the methods for quantifying muscle activity and summarizes key research findings of muscle activity during locomotion in water. The article is focused on comparing muscle activity during locomotion in water and on dry land.

Gait patterns and muscle activity in the lower extremities of elderly women during underwater treadmill walking against water flow.

This study sought to determine the characteristics of gait patterns and muscle activity in the lower extremities of elderly women during underwater treadmill walking against water flow. Eight female subjects (61.4+/-3.

Muscle activation, cardiorespiratory response, and rating of perceived exertion in older subjects while walking in water and on dry land.

This study compared the muscle activities, cardiorespiratory responses, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of nine older individuals while walking in water with those obtained while walking on dry land. Electromyography, stride frequency (SF), stride length (SL), oxygen uptake (V O(2)), heart rate (HR), RPE (for breathing and legs, RPE-Br and RPE-Legs, respectively), and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were measured. There were no significant differences in the V O(2), HR, RPE-Br, RPE-Legs or BLa while walking in water and on dry land (moderate and fast speeds).

Age-related differences in muscle activity, stride frequency and heart rate response during walking in water.

This study aimed to examine whether walking in water produces age-related differences in muscle activity, stride frequency (SF), and heart rate (HR) response. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to evaluate muscle activities in six older and six young subjects while they walked in water immersed to the level of the xiphoid process. The trials in water utilized the Flowmill which consists of a treadmill at the base of a water flume.

A comparison of muscle activity and heart rate response during backward and forward walking on an underwater treadmill.

This investigation compared muscle activities and heart rate (HR) responses while subjects walked backward or forward in water, with and without a water current. Ten healthy males (23.5+/-1.

Muscle activity and heart rate response during backward walking in water and on dry land.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether walking backward in water and walking backward on dry land elicit different electromyographic (EMG) activities in lower-extremity and trunk muscles. Surface EMG was used to evaluate muscle activities while six healthy subjects walked backward in water (with and without a water current, Water + Cur and Water - Cur, respectively) immersed to the level of the xiphoid process, and while they walked backward on dry land (DL). The trials in water utilized the Flowmill which consists of a treadmill at the base of a water flume.

Electromyographic analysis of walking in water in healthy humans.

This study was designed to describe and clarify muscle activities which occur while walking in water. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to evaluate muscle activities in six healthy subjects (mean age, 23.3 +/- 1.