Publications by authors named "Kenji Hosoda"
Background: It is not clear whether archived cytological specimens (ACSs) obtained with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) with rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) can be used for genomic profiling of tumors. We used ACSs to perform genomic analysis of specimens to identify oncogenic and druggable mutations.
Methods: A panel of 60 significantly mutated genes specific to pancreatobiliary cancer was created and used for genomic analysis of 113 specimens of 44 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and 69 ACSs obtained by EUS-FNA with ROSE were included.
Article Synopsis
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health issue due to its link to severe liver diseases and potential reactivation in certain patients.
- A study at a hospital near Tokyo analyzed data from nearly 100,000 individuals, revealing that HBV-positive patients had higher liver enzyme elevations compared to those who were HBV-negative.
- Interestingly, even among HBV-negative patients with past infections, those with specific antibodies showed worse liver conditions, highlighting the need for caution with elevated liver enzymes in individuals with any HBV history.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated changes in the incidence of gastric cancer (GC), particularly focusing on signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) and non-signet ring cell carcinoma (NSRC), comparing these trends with H. pylori infection rates over time.
- The analysis included 2532 patients with GC from a hospital registry, revealing that SRC patients tended to be younger and more female compared to NSRC patients, with a significant decline in SRC incidence over time.
- The study suggested a potential link between reduced H. pylori infection prevalence and the decreasing rates of SRC, while NSRC incidence remained stable.
Background: The Tokyo Guidelines (TG; 2013) indicated that emergency cholecystectomy is an important early treatment option for acute cholecystitis; however, surgical intervention is not necessarily indicated in patients with advanced age. We evaluated percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA), percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD), and the administration of antibiotics alone as treatment options for acute -cholecystitis.
Methods: From January 2010 to December 2017, 159 patients with acute cholecystitis were treated at our institution.
Signet ring cell (SRC) gastric cancer at advanced stage has poor prognosis. While a recent study reported nearly one-third of SRC cases contain tumors with deficient mismatch repair (MMR) genes, other studies in SRC have been inconclusive. To re-analyze the results, we performed immunohistochemical staining of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 proteins in 38 SRC gastric tumors compared with 109 non-SRC (NSRC) tumors from 94 patients.
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- Lenvatinib, a treatment for advanced liver cancer, was found to be as effective as sorafenib based on previous phase 3 trials, and this study explores its real-world effectiveness and safety.
- The research involved a retrospective analysis of 16 patients over at least 12 weeks, examining their response using specific criteria and tracking adverse events.
- The findings showed that although fatigue, hypertension, and proteinuria were common side effects, they could be managed effectively, with an overall objective response rate of 40% among participants.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzes the genetic profiles of synchronous (occurring at the same time) and metachronous (recurring after a year) early-stage gastric cancers to understand their differences better.
- It involved assessing mismatch repair (MMR) genes, microsatellite instability, and targeted sequencing of significantly mutated genes in tumors from 31 patients.
- Findings showed that different tumors in the same patient often have distinct clonal origins, with various combinations of MMR status, highlighting important implications for immunotherapy treatment strategies.
Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant contents and activities of colored rice grains and to evaluate their nutritive characteristics in terms of chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradation.
Methods: Ten cultivars of colored rice grains (Oryza sativa L.) collected from several areas of Japan were studied, and control rice without pigment, maize, barley, and wheat grains were used as control grains.
Aim: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.415C>T in exon 3 of affects thiopurine-induced leukopenia in Asian patients with Crohn's disease. Meanwhile, three additional genetic variants of were reported in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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- Massive gastrointestinal bleeding from Dieulafoy lesions, although rare, can be life-threatening in children and requires prompt treatment.
- A case of a 2-year-old boy experiencing sudden massive hematemesis was diagnosed with a Dieulafoy lesion after an emergency gastroscopy, revealing an abnormal vessel in his stomach.
- The lesion was successfully treated with endoscopic hemoclipping, allowing the patient to recover without complications and highlighting the effectiveness of endoscopy over traditional surgical methods.
Article Synopsis
- * A study followed 139 patients over an average of 11.2 years, revealing that the hospitalization rates increase considerably over time, reaching 60% at 20 years.
- * The key finding was that the total colonoscopic findings on sites of abnormality at the onset of the disease was the only significant predictor of future hospitalizations, with higher rates seen in those with total colitis compared to proctitis.
Article Synopsis
- * Six Holstein cows participated in a crossover trial comparing two diets: one with corn and one with brown rice, both including food by-products.
- * Results showed that brown rice improved starch digestibility and lowered urinary nitrogen excretion without affecting overall feed intake or milk production.
Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to determine the effects of substituting corn grain with brown rice (BR) grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on milk yield, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen (N) balance. The TMR silages were made from the ensiling of TMR containing (dry matter basis) 50.1% forage in rice silage and corn silage combination, and 49.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnthocyanin in purple corn (Zea mays L.) has been reported to show several functional and biological attributes, displaying antioxidant, antiobesity and antidiabetic effects in monogastric animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding anthocyanin-rich corn (Zea mays L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aims: In both SHARP and Asia-Pacific Study, sorafenib was proved to improve the overall survival of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, factors contributing to the improvement of overall survival of the patients treated by sorafenib have not been fully evaluated. In this study, patient-derived, background liver disease-derived and tumor-derived factors before treatment were evaluated whether they have contributed to the improvement of the overall survival.
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- Two feeding trials tested the impact of soy sauce cake (SSC) on digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and methane production in Holstein steers.
- When SSC was increased to 20%, it significantly reduced methane production but also lowered nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation compared to the control group.
- The 20% SSC diet led to better nitrogen retention, but 10% SSC was deemed a more balanced and effective level for cattle feeding.
Heat stress (HS) induces adaptive responses that are responsible for alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic heat treatment on the expression and secretion of leptin and adiponectin, important regulators of energy homeostasis, food intake and insulin action. C57BL/6 mice were subdivided into three groups (24 mice each).
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- The study investigates the locations and concentrations of two antimicrobial proteins, Lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) and lactoferrin (LF), in bovine mammary glands and milk after an immune response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.* -
- Researchers found that LAP and LF have different expression patterns, as some mammary alveoli showed positive reactions for one but not the other, indicating that their presence in the mammary glands is not consistent.* -
- After LPS infusion, LAP levels in milk spiked within 3 hours and remained high, while LF levels were low initially and only increased after 2 days, suggesting different mechanisms regulating their expression.*
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the distribution of lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) in the digestive tract of Holstein-Friesian calves using immunolocalization techniques and gene expression analysis.
- LAP was found primarily in the outer layer of tissues like the tongue, esophagus, and various stomach regions, indicating its potential role in immune defense.
- The research suggests that LAP may have specific functions in the immune system of calves, especially in the regions where it is more concentrated.
Article Synopsis
- Lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) in cows is part of their innate immune system, helping to kill various microorganisms.
- The study focused on showing where LAP is found in cow mammary glands by using a specific LAP antibody created in rabbits.
- Results indicated that LAP is present in the epithelial cells of both infected and non-infected alveoli in the mammary glands, highlighting its potential role in immune defense.
Object representation in the inferior temporal cortex (IT), an area of visual cortex critical for object recognition in the primate, exhibits two prominent properties: (1) objects are represented by the combined activity of columnar clusters of neurons, with each cluster representing component features or parts of objects, and (2) closely related features are continuously represented along the tangential direction of individual columnar clusters. Here we propose a learning model that reflects these properties of parts-based representation and topographic organization in a unified framework. This model is based on a nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) basis decomposition method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood flow to the gravid and nongravid uterine horns of four multiparous Holstein cows (mean +/- SD, BW=641.8 +/- 95.4 kg; age=4.
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