Sulphate repression of -dependent alkanesulphonate-sulphur assimilation in .

cells utilize alkanesulphonates including taurine as the sulphur source. We previously reported that when cells carrying a double deletion in and were inoculated into a taurine-containing minimal medium, they started to grow only after long-term incubation (Nishikawa . 2018, 164: 1446-1456).

Change in the redox state of glutathione regulates differentiation of tracheary elements in Zinnia cells and Arabidopsis roots.

Exogenously applied GSH and GSSG can control the in vitro differentiation of mesophyll cells to tracheary elements (TEs) in Zinnia elegans, and de novo GSH synthesis is essential for the early differentiation. The purpose of the present study is to address how GSH and GSSG control TE differentiation. GSSG transiently accumulated during the in vitro TE differentiation and exogenously applied GSSG down-regulated transcript levels of GSSG reductase (GR), an enzyme maintaining glutathione in a reduced redox state, while there were no significant changes in transcript levels of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis.

Cadmium-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial DNA breaks in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic strains of Euglena gracilis.

The photosynthetic strain Z of Euglena gracilis is more susceptible to cadmium chloride (Cd) than the non-photosynthetic strain SMZ. We investigated the correlation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with Cd-induced cellular damage. Flow cytometry with dihydrorhodamine 123 showed that strain Z generated higher levels of ROS, probably H(2)O(2) and/or ONOO(-), than strain SMZ, and that this difference between the two strains became more pronounced with increasing Cd dose.