Genetic parameters for novel mastitis traits defined by combining test-day somatic cell score and differential somatic cell count in the first lactation of Japanese Holsteins.

In this study, we aimed to improve current udder health genetic evaluations by addressing the limitations of monthly sampled somatic cell score (SCS) for distinguishing cows with robust innate immunity from those susceptible to chronic infections. The objectives were to (1) establish novel somatic cell traits by integrating SCS and the differential somatic cell count (DSCC), which represents the combined proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes in somatic cells and (2) estimate genetic parameters for the new traits, including their daily heritability and genetic correlations with milk production traits and SCS, using a random regression test-day model (RRTDM). We derived 3 traits, termed ML_SCS_DSCC, SCS_4_DSCC_65_binary, and ML_SCS_DSCC_binary, by using milk loss (ML) estimates at corresponding SCS and DSCC levels, thresholds established in previous studies, and a threshold established from milk loss estimates, respectively.

Estimating the nonlinear interaction between somatic cell score and differential somatic cell count on milk production by parity using generalized additive models.

This observational study aimed to use somatic cell score (SCS) and differential somatic cell count (DSCC), the combined proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes in somatic cells, to investigate how mastitis affected milk production. Using generalized additive models, we analyzed 50,618 test-day records from 8,081 lactations from 7,912 cows in 197 herds between January 2021 and March 2022 to estimate the nonlinear interaction between SCS and DSCC, and the effects of lactation stages and seasons on milk yield, milk component percentages, and milk component yields by parity of cows. The results show that the interaction between SCS and DSCC on these traits was significant, nonlinear, and complex.

Explainable Machine Learning for Atrial Fibrillation in the General Population Using a Generalized Additive Model - A Cross-Sectional Study.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with increased thromboembolic stroke risk and heart failure. Although various prediction models for AF risk have been developed using machine learning, their output cannot be accurately explained to doctors and patients. Therefore, we developed an explainable model with high interpretability and accuracy accounting for the non-linear effects of clinical characteristics on AF incidence.

Impact of salt intake on urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study based on a generalized additive model.

Diabetic kidney disease is an important and common cause of end-stage renal disease. Measurement of urinary albumin excretion (UAE) requires the diagnosis of the stage of diabetic nephropathy and the prognosis of renal function. We aimed to analyze the impact of lifestyle modification on UAE in patients with stage 2 and 3 type 2 diabetic nephropathy who received comprehensive medical care, using a generalized additive model (GAM), an explanatory machine learning model.

Early Detection of Symptom Exacerbation in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using the Fitbit Charge 3 (DEXTERITY): Pilot Evaluation.

Background: Some patients with COVID-19 experienced sudden death due to rapid symptom deterioration. Thus, it is important to predict COVID-19 symptom exacerbation at an early stage prior to increasing severity in patients. Patients with COVID-19 could experience a unique "silent hypoxia" at an early stage of the infection when they are apparently asymptomatic, but with rather low SpO (oxygen saturation) levels.

Startup of pilot-scale single-stage nitrogen removal using anammox and partial nitritation (SNAP) reactor for waste brine treatment using marine anammox bacteria.

This study is the first to demonstrate the startup of a pilot-scale single-stage nitrogen removal using anammox and partial nitritation (SNAP) reactor utilizing marine anammox bacteria. A complete mixing type reactor, continuously fed with waste brine obtained from a natural gas plant (salinity 3%, NH-N 130-180 mg/L) and having an effective volume of 2 m, achieved stable operation at temperatures of 20-30°C with a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 1.43 kg-N/m/day.

A phase I study of high dose camostat mesylate in healthy adults provides a rationale to repurpose the TMPRSS2 inhibitor for the treatment of COVID-19.

Camostat mesylate, an oral serine protease inhibitor, is used to treat chronic pancreatitis and reflux esophagitis. Recently, camostat mesylate and its active metabolite 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)phenylacetic acid (GBPA) were reported to inhibit the infection of cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by inhibiting type II transmembrane serine protease. We conducted a phase I study to investigate high-dose camostat mesylate as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019.

A case of renovascular hypertension with incidental primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia.

Summary: Renovascular hypertension (RVHT) is an important and potentially treatable form of resistant hypertension. Hypercortisolemia could also cause hypertension and diabetes mellitus. We experienced a case wherein adrenalectomy markedly improved blood pressure and plasma glucose levels in a patient with RVHT and low-level autonomous cortisol secretion.

Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on aldosterone-to-renin ratio in diabetic patients with hypertension: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is popularly used for screening primary aldosteronism (PA). Some medications, including diuretics, are known to have an effect on ARR and cause false-negative and false-positive results in PA screening. Currently, there are no studies on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are known to have diuretic effects, on ARR.

Unique hexameric structure of copper-containing nitrite reductase of an anammox bacterium KSU-1.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and denitrification are two different microbial reactions that form nitrogen gas. The initial step in the anammox reaction-reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide-is thought to be catalyzed by homologs of dissimilatory nitrite reductase, which is known to be involved in denitrification. Here, we reveal the crystal structure of the copper-containing nitrite reductase (CuNIR) of strain KSU-1, an anammox bacterium.

Primary aldosteronism subtype discordance between computed tomography and adrenal venous sampling.

The primary aldosteronism (PA) subtype is usually confirmed by CT and adrenal venous sampling (AVS). However, the subtype diagnosis by AVS is not necessarily consistent with the subtype diagnosis by CT. Patients with PA who show bilateral lesions (normal-appearing adrenals or bilateral adrenal nodules) on CT but unilateral disease on AVS are often found.

Effects of vibration on anammox-enriched biofilm in a high-loaded upflow reactor.

An upflow biofilm reactor was operated for 211 days to investigate the effects of vibration on anammox treatment performance. With vibration, the highest nitrogen removal rates (20 kg-N·m·d) were obtained on day 180. Since the vibration could directly applied on the biofilm, it could release the dinitrogen gas accumulated in the biofilm timely and reduce the internal mass transfer resistance sharply.

Anammox Organism KSU-1 Expresses a Novel His/DOPA Ligated Cytochrome c.

Anammox is a bacterial energy metabolic process that forms N gas from nitrite and ammonium ions. The enzymatic mechanisms of anammox have been gradually revealed; however, the electron transport chain in anammox bacteria remains poorly understood. In the present study, we purified and characterized two low-molecular-weight c-type cytochromes from an enriched culture of the anammox bacterium strain, KSU-1.

Temperature dependence of nitrogen removal activity by anammox bacteria enriched at low temperatures.

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, which is applicable at ambient temperature, is necessary to develop more versatile nitrogen removal technologies. In this study, two anammox reactors, Low-R1 and Low-R2 inoculated with activated sludge respectively in Kumamoto and Hokkaido, Japan, achieved nitrogen removal rates (NRRs) of 1.5 kg-N/m/day at 20°C.

Angiotensin II receptor blocker combined with eplerenone or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus.

Experimental models recently suggested an interaction between aldosterone and adipose tissue, but clinical investigation has been limited. We studied the effects of eplerenone compared to hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on blood pressure (BP), glucose, and lipid levels in 50 patients with essential hypertension (EHT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus whose BP failed to reach target levels with 8 mg of candesartan alone. BP improved similarly in both groups over the 12-month study period, but BMI, waist circumference, and LDL-cholesterol were decreased in the eplerenone group, while glycohemoglobin was elevated in the HCTZ group.

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-producing gallbladder carcinoma-include analysis all case reports: A case report.

Introduction: It is extremely rare for gallbladder carcinoma to produce granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and such tumors have a poor prognosis.

Presentation Of Case: A 67-year-old man was admitted with continuous fever. Laboratory tests showed a leukocyte count of 27,980/μL, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) of 9.

Effect of switching basal insulin regimen to degludec on quality of life in Japanese patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Maintainance of a stable basal insulin level is important for glycemic control in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Recently introduced insulin degludec has the longest duration of action among basal insulin formulations. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in quality of life (QOL) associated with switching the basal insulin regimen to degludec in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Comparison of eplerenone and spironolactone for the treatment of primary aldosteronism.

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is expressed in the kidneys and in adipose tissue, and primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with metabolic syndrome. This study assessed the effects of MR blockade by eplerenone (EPL) and spironolactone (SPL) on blood pressure (BP) and metabolic factors in patients with PA. Fifty-four patients with PA were treated with one of two MRAs, EPL (25-100 mg daily, n=27) or SPL (12.

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with tumor embolus in the portal vein and liver metastasis responding to S-1 plus cisplatin chemotherapy].

A 67-year-old woman presented with anemia. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a primary gastric cancer with tumor embolus in the portal vein, liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and pancreatic involvement. Because curative surgery was deemed impossible, we started chemotherapy using S-1 (120 mg/m(2)/day for 3 weeks, followed by discontinuation for 2 weeks) plus cisplatin (80 mg/m(2)/day on days 1 and 8).

Reduction of nitric oxide catalyzed by hydroxylamine oxidoreductase from an anammox bacterium.

The hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) from the anammox bacterium, Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis has been reported to catalyze the oxidation of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to nitric oxide (NO) by using bovine cytochrome c as an oxidant. In contrast, we investigated whether the HAO from anammox bacterium strain KSU-1 could catalyze the reduction of NO with reduced benzyl viologen (BVred) and the NO-releasing reagent, NOC 7. The reduction proceeded, resulting in the formation of NH2OH as a product.

Inhibition and recovery of continuous electric field application on the activity of anammox biomass.

In this study, the effects of electric field on the activity of anammox biomass were investigated. In batch mode, experimental results demonstrated that the nitrogen removal rate enhanced by 25.6 % compared with the control experiment at the electric field of 2 V/cm with application time of 20 min.